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Ch. 17: The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

List 2 alternate names for the Digestive system?

A

Alimentary system, GI

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2
Q

List some of the functions of the digestive system

A

(1) Digestion
(2) absorption
(3) elimination

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3
Q

List the parts of the digestive tract

A

(1) pharynx
(2) esophagus
(3) stomach
(4) small intestines
(5) large intestines
(6) mouth

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4
Q

List the accessory organs of the digestive tract

A

(1) salivary glands
(2) liver
(3) pancreas
(4) gallbladder

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5
Q

The wall of the digestive tract has 4 layers

A

(1) inner layer (mucosa)
(2) submucosa
(3) muscularis externum
(4) serosa

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6
Q

Which layer of the digestive tract secretes mucous, is made up of digestive tissues, and contains lymphoid tissue

A

mucosa (inner layer)

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7
Q

This layer of the digestive tract also produces mucous and has blood vessels and nerves.

A

submucosa

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8
Q

Where peristalsis helps move things through the GI tract.

A

muscularis externum

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9
Q

Forms serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity and is the outer layer of the digestive tract.

A

serous

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10
Q

The _________ lines the abdominopelvic cavity and folds back over most of the organs within the cavity.

A

peritoneum

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11
Q

The peritoneum carries ______ ______, lymphatic _____, and nerves.

A

blood vessels

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12
Q

The ______ layer lines the peritoneum.

A

parietal

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13
Q

The ______ layer covers the organs.

A

viseral

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14
Q

The _______ is attached to the back of the abdominal wall and small intestines.

A

mesentary

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15
Q

Extends from the colon to the posterior of the abdominal wall.

A

mesocolon

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16
Q

Covers the front part of the intestines from the lower stomach to the transverse colon.

A

greater omentum

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17
Q

Extends between the stomach and the liver.

A

Lesser omentum

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18
Q

This is the part of the digestive tract where food enters the body.

A

Mouth (oral cavity)

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19
Q

_______ breaks down the food.

A

mastication

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20
Q

Lubricates the food and contains an enzyme, ______, the begins starch digestion.

A

saliva, salivary amylase

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21
Q

The process of moving proper amounts of food toward the throat to be swallowed (act of swallowing).

A

deglutition

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22
Q

A ______ is the small “wad” of food that is softened by chewing and saliva and sent down the throat.

A

bolus

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23
Q

Helps with chewing, swallowing, and speech.

A

Tongue

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24
Q

List the 5 types of taste buds.

A 
sweet
salty
sour
bitter
umami (savory)
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25
The 20 baby teeth are also known as _______.
deciduous
26
There are ___ adult teeth.
32
27
List the composition of teeth:
enamel, dentin, pulp
28
List the 3 parts of the pharynx
(1) naso (2) oro (3) laryngo
29
Where is the soft palate located?
back roof of the oral cavity
30
The ______ hangs down from the soft palate and aids in eating by preventing food/liquid from coming out through the nose.
uvula
31
The _______ is the muscular tube that carries food to the stomach.
esophagus
32
The esophagus is collapsible because it doesn't have ______.
cartilage
33
The _______ goes through the diaphragm through the _____ ______.
epiglottis, esophageal hiatus
34
The hollow organ that expands depending on how much food is eaten.
stomach
35
The ______ _______ is the outer ridge of the stomach.
greater curvature
36
The ______ ______ is the inner ridge of the stomach.
lesser curvature
37
The _____ is the superior part of the stomach that is rounded.
fundus
38
The stomach connects to the small intestine at the ______.
pylorus
39
There are 2 sphincters....one at the point of the esophagus and the stomach and one at the point of the stomach where it enters the small intestine. What are their names?
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) or cardiac sphincter Pyloric sphincter
40
List the 3 functions of the stomach.
(1) Storage pouch (2) Digestive organ (3) Churn
41
The secretion of _______ in the stomach performs what function?
mucous, protective
42
List the two types of gastric juices and how they work.
(1) Hydrochloric acid -- aids in the breakdown of food | 2) Pepsin -- breaks down protein (product of pepsinogen and hydrocholoric acid
43
_______ is the food and digestive juices that are semi-liquid as it leaves the stomach.
chyme
44
The _____ ____ is the longest part of the digestive tract at ~ 20 feet long.
small intestine
45
List the 3 segments of the small intestine.
(1) duodenum (2) jujuneum (3) ilium
46
What is the upper segment of the small intestine called?
duodenum
47
What is the middle segment of the small intestine.
jujunum
48
What is the lower segment of the small intestine.
ilium
49
List 3 functions of the small intestine.
(1) Digestion (2) absorption (3) filtration
50
_______ are tiny projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area.
villi
51
Most of the products of digestion are absorbed through the ____.
villi
52
______ are specialized lymphatic where fats can be absorbed.
lactiles
53
The _____ _____ is larger in diameter but only about 5 feet long.
long intestine
54
Fluid is mainly absorbed in the ____ intestine.
large
55
the longer that waste is held in the large intestine the ____ it is.
harder
56
List the subdivisions of the large intestine.
(1) Ileocecal valve (2) Cecum (3) Appendix (4) Ascending colon (5) Transverse colon (6) Descending colon (7) Sigmoid colon (8) rectum (9) anus
57
The _____ _____ prevents backflow of material to the cecum.
ileocecal valve
58
The ____ is the first part of the large intestine.
cecum
59
The _____ is a "pigtail" on the end of the cecum.
appendix
60
List the functions of the large intestine.
(1) holds material that is already digested (2) secretes mucous (3) Reabsorbs water (4) Where feces, stool
61
Of the accessory organs, the ______ _____ has glands located in 3 places. List the 3 places.
salivary glands (1) carotid (2) submandibular (3) sublingual
62
The _____ is located in the superior right quadrant under the diaphragm.
liver
63
List the functions of the liver
(1) Manufacture of bile (2) Breaks down fat (3) stores glucose (in the form of glycogen) (4) Forms proteins (5) Destroys old red blood cells and recycles/eliminates their breakdown products (6) Synthesis of urea (7) Detoxification (8) Modification/storage of fats, vitamins, and iron
64
In the liver, glucose is stored as______.
glycogen
65
List 3 proteins formed by the liver.
(1) albumin (2) globulins (3) clotting factors
66
What are the products of breakdown of old red blood cells called?
bilirubin
67
The liver synthesizes urea but then it is transported to the _______ for elimination.
kidneys
68
_____ is the main digestive function of the liver.
Bile -- fat emulsification
69
The ______ is a muscular sac on the inferior surface of the liver.
gallbladder
70
The gallbladder stores ____.
bile
71
The gallbladder uses _____ to digest fats.
salts
72
The ______ is a long gland that extends from the duodenum to the spleen.
pancreas
73
The ____ produces enzymes that digest ____, _______, ______, and _______.
``` pancreas proteins fats carbohydrates nucleic acids ```
74
What are the two hormones produced by the pancreas.
insulin | glucagon
75
The pancreas produces ____ to neutralize acid.
bicarb
76
List the path of digestion
Mouth --> stomach --> small intestine --> large intestine --> elimination
77
In the stomach, _____ and ____ start to breakdown protein, which forms a _____ that heads to the small intestines through the ________.
pepsin (from pepsinogen) and hydrochloric acid chyme pyloric sphincter
78
In the small intestine, the chyme is mixed with ____.
bile
79
List 4 pacreatic enzymes and what they act upon.
(1) lypase -- fats (2) amylase -- starch (3) trypsin -- protein (4) nucelases -- nucleic acids
80
Small intestine enzymes break down _____.
sugar
81
______ is digested nutrients absorbed into the blood through the villi in the small intestine.
absorption
82
Absorption of _____ is performed by the _____ of the villi where they then go into the _______.
fats, lacteals, lymph system
83
The absorption of vitamins and minerals is primarily accomplished in the _____________.
large intestine
84
The _______ controls hunger and appetite.
hypothalamus
85
The hypothalamus controls hunger and appetite through levels of nutrients in the _____.
blood

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