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a&p > Ch. 17: The Digestive System > Flashcards

Ch. 17: The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

List 2 alternate names for the Digestive system?

A

Alimentary system, GI

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2
Q

List some of the functions of the digestive system

A

(1) Digestion
(2) absorption
(3) elimination

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3
Q

List the parts of the digestive tract

A

(1) pharynx
(2) esophagus
(3) stomach
(4) small intestines
(5) large intestines
(6) mouth

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4
Q

List the accessory organs of the digestive tract

A

(1) salivary glands
(2) liver
(3) pancreas
(4) gallbladder

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5
Q

The wall of the digestive tract has 4 layers

A

(1) inner layer (mucosa)
(2) submucosa
(3) muscularis externum
(4) serosa

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6
Q

Which layer of the digestive tract secretes mucous, is made up of digestive tissues, and contains lymphoid tissue

A

mucosa (inner layer)

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7
Q

This layer of the digestive tract also produces mucous and has blood vessels and nerves.

A

submucosa

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8
Q

Where peristalsis helps move things through the GI tract.

A

muscularis externum

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9
Q

Forms serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity and is the outer layer of the digestive tract.

A

serous

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10
Q

The _________ lines the abdominopelvic cavity and folds back over most of the organs within the cavity.

A

peritoneum

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11
Q

The peritoneum carries ______ ______, lymphatic _____, and nerves.

A

blood vessels

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12
Q

The ______ layer lines the peritoneum.

A

parietal

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13
Q

The ______ layer covers the organs.

A

viseral

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14
Q

The _______ is attached to the back of the abdominal wall and small intestines.

A

mesentary

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15
Q

Extends from the colon to the posterior of the abdominal wall.

A

mesocolon

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16
Q

Covers the front part of the intestines from the lower stomach to the transverse colon.

A

greater omentum

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17
Q

Extends between the stomach and the liver.

A

Lesser omentum

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18
Q

This is the part of the digestive tract where food enters the body.

A

Mouth (oral cavity)

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19
Q

_______ breaks down the food.

A

mastication

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20
Q

Lubricates the food and contains an enzyme, ______, the begins starch digestion.

A

saliva, salivary amylase

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21
Q

The process of moving proper amounts of food toward the throat to be swallowed (act of swallowing).

A

deglutition

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22
Q

A ______ is the small “wad” of food that is softened by chewing and saliva and sent down the throat.

A

bolus

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23
Q

Helps with chewing, swallowing, and speech.

A

Tongue

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24
Q

List the 5 types of taste buds.

A 
sweet
salty
sour
bitter
umami (savory)
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25
Q

The 20 baby teeth are also known as _______.

A

deciduous

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26
Q

There are ___ adult teeth.

A

32

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27
Q

List the composition of teeth:

A

enamel, dentin, pulp

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28
Q

List the 3 parts of the pharynx

A

(1) naso
(2) oro
(3) laryngo

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29
Q

Where is the soft palate located?

A

back roof of the oral cavity

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30
Q

The ______ hangs down from the soft palate and aids in eating by preventing food/liquid from coming out through the nose.

A

uvula

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31
Q

The _______ is the muscular tube that carries food to the stomach.

A

esophagus

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32
Q

The esophagus is collapsible because it doesn’t have ______.

A

cartilage

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33
Q

The _______ goes through the diaphragm through the _____ ______.

A

epiglottis, esophageal hiatus

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34
Q

The hollow organ that expands depending on how much food is eaten.

A

stomach

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35
Q

The ______ _______ is the outer ridge of the stomach.

A

greater curvature

36
Q

The ______ ______ is the inner ridge of the stomach.

A

lesser curvature

37
Q

The _____ is the superior part of the stomach that is rounded.

A

fundus

38
Q

The stomach connects to the small intestine at the ______.

A

pylorus

39
Q

There are 2 sphincters….one at the point of the esophagus and the stomach and one at the point of the stomach where it enters the small intestine. What are their names?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) or cardiac sphincter

Pyloric sphincter

40
Q

List the 3 functions of the stomach.

A

(1) Storage pouch
(2) Digestive organ
(3) Churn

41
Q

The secretion of _______ in the stomach performs what function?

A

mucous, protective

42
Q

List the two types of gastric juices and how they work.

A

(1) Hydrochloric acid – aids in the breakdown of food

2) Pepsin – breaks down protein (product of pepsinogen and hydrocholoric acid

43
Q

_______ is the food and digestive juices that are semi-liquid as it leaves the stomach.

A

chyme

44
Q

The _____ ____ is the longest part of the digestive tract at ~ 20 feet long.

A

small intestine

45
Q

List the 3 segments of the small intestine.

A

(1) duodenum
(2) jujuneum
(3) ilium

46
Q

What is the upper segment of the small intestine called?

A

duodenum

47
Q

What is the middle segment of the small intestine.

A

jujunum

48
Q

What is the lower segment of the small intestine.

A

ilium

49
Q

List 3 functions of the small intestine.

A

(1) Digestion
(2) absorption
(3) filtration

50
Q

_______ are tiny projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area.

A

villi

51
Q

Most of the products of digestion are absorbed through the ____.

A

villi

52
Q

______ are specialized lymphatic where fats can be absorbed.

A

lactiles

53
Q

The _____ _____ is larger in diameter but only about 5 feet long.

A

long intestine

54
Q

Fluid is mainly absorbed in the ____ intestine.

A

large

55
Q

the longer that waste is held in the large intestine the ____ it is.

A

harder

56
Q

List the subdivisions of the large intestine.

A

(1) Ileocecal valve
(2) Cecum
(3) Appendix
(4) Ascending colon
(5) Transverse colon
(6) Descending colon
(7) Sigmoid colon
(8) rectum
(9) anus

57
Q

The _____ _____ prevents backflow of material to the cecum.

A

ileocecal valve

58
Q

The ____ is the first part of the large intestine.

A

cecum

59
Q

The _____ is a “pigtail” on the end of the cecum.

A

appendix

60
Q

List the functions of the large intestine.

A

(1) holds material that is already digested
(2) secretes mucous
(3) Reabsorbs water
(4) Where feces, stool

61
Q

Of the accessory organs, the ______ _____ has glands located in 3 places. List the 3 places.

A

salivary glands

(1) carotid
(2) submandibular
(3) sublingual

62
Q

The _____ is located in the superior right quadrant under the diaphragm.

A

liver

63
Q

List the functions of the liver

A

(1) Manufacture of bile
(2) Breaks down fat
(3) stores glucose (in the form of glycogen)
(4) Forms proteins
(5) Destroys old red blood cells and recycles/eliminates their breakdown products
(6) Synthesis of urea
(7) Detoxification
(8) Modification/storage of fats, vitamins, and iron

64
Q

In the liver, glucose is stored as______.

A

glycogen

65
Q

List 3 proteins formed by the liver.

A

(1) albumin
(2) globulins
(3) clotting factors

66
Q

What are the products of breakdown of old red blood cells called?

A

bilirubin

67
Q

The liver synthesizes urea but then it is transported to the _______ for elimination.

A

kidneys

68
Q

_____ is the main digestive function of the liver.

A

Bile – fat emulsification

69
Q

The ______ is a muscular sac on the inferior surface of the liver.

A

gallbladder

70
Q

The gallbladder stores ____.

A

bile

71
Q

The gallbladder uses _____ to digest fats.

A

salts

72
Q

The ______ is a long gland that extends from the duodenum to the spleen.

A

pancreas

73
Q

The ____ produces enzymes that digest ____, _______, ______, and _______.

A 
pancreas
proteins
fats
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
74
Q

What are the two hormones produced by the pancreas.

A

insulin

glucagon

75
Q

The pancreas produces ____ to neutralize acid.

A

bicarb

76
Q

List the path of digestion

A

Mouth –> stomach –> small intestine –> large intestine –> elimination

77
Q

In the stomach, _____ and ____ start to breakdown protein, which forms a _____ that heads to the small intestines through the ________.

A

pepsin (from pepsinogen) and hydrochloric acid
chyme
pyloric sphincter

78
Q

In the small intestine, the chyme is mixed with ____.

A

bile

79
Q

List 4 pacreatic enzymes and what they act upon.

A

(1) lypase – fats
(2) amylase – starch
(3) trypsin – protein
(4) nucelases – nucleic acids

80
Q

Small intestine enzymes break down _____.

A

sugar

81
Q

______ is digested nutrients absorbed into the blood through the villi in the small intestine.

A

absorption

82
Q

Absorption of _____ is performed by the _____ of the villi where they then go into the _______.

A

fats, lacteals, lymph system

83
Q

The absorption of vitamins and minerals is primarily accomplished in the _____________.

A

large intestine

84
Q

The _______ controls hunger and appetite.

A

hypothalamus

85
Q

The hypothalamus controls hunger and appetite through levels of nutrients in the _____.

A

blood

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