Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P > Ch. 19: The Urinary System and Body Fluids > Flashcards

Ch. 19: The Urinary System and Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

Which kidney is lower and why?

A

The right kidney is slightly lower than the left to accommodate the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The ______ ______ sits on top of each kidney.

A

Adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the functions of the kidney.

A

(1) Waste excretion
(2) Water balance
(3) Acid-base balance
(4) Blood pressure regulation
(5) Erythropoetin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the part of the excretory system that is made up of tubes that conduct urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

A

Ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This is the reservoir that receives and stores urine.

A

Urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The _____ is the tube that conducts urine from the bladder to the outside of the body for elimination.

A

urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List the systems involved in excretion (4).

A

(1) Urinary system
(2) Digestive system
(3) Respiratory system
(4) Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ___ system eliminates H2O, salts, and bile, in addition to digestive residue.

A

Digestive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The ____ system eliminates CO2 and H2O.

A

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The ______ system eliminates H2O, salts, and very small quantities of nitrogenous waste through perspiration.

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

______ is the removal and elimination of unwanted substances in the blood.

A

Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The ______ are the prime regulators of homeostasis.

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_______ _______ eliminates cellular waste, excess salts, and toxins in addition to urea and other nitrogenous wastes.

A

waste excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

______ _____ alters urine output so that the volume of H2O in the body remains stable.

A

Water balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

______________ maintains pH between 7.35 and 7.45.

A

Acid-base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_______________ involves the production of renin to activate ______ to cause blood vessels to ______. This _____ blood pressure.

A

Blood pressure regulation
angiotensin
constrict
raises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

________________ is the regulation of red blood cell production.

A

Erythropoetin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When the kidneys do not get enough _____, they produce erythropoetin to stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow.

A

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The kidneys are located in the _____ abdominal region at around the last ___ and first 3 _____ vertebrae.

A

upper
thoracic
lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The kidneys are located ______ to the peritoneum. This is called _______.

A

posterior

retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The ______________, made out of fibrous connective tissue, encapsulates the kidneys.

A

renal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The renal capsule is made up of _____________.

A

fibrous connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Also surrounding the kidney is an _________ capsule.

A

adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_______ connects the kidneys to the peritoneum and abdominal wall.

A

Fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The renal artery is a short branch of the ___________.
abdominal aorta
26
The __________ brings blood into the kidney.
renal artery
27
The _________ brings blood out of the kidney and into the ________________.
renal vein | inferior vena cava
28
Blood leaving the kidney via the renal vein and the inferior vena cava is returned to the _______ side of the heart.
right
29
_________ are the functional units of the kidney.
nephrons
30
The ________ is the notch on the medial border of the kidney where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter connects.
hilum
31
What 3 items enter the kidney through the hilum?
(1) renal artery (2) renal vein (3) ureter
32
What is the outer portion of the kidney called?
cortex
33
What is the inner portion of the kidney called?
medulla
34
The tubes that form a number of cone-shaped structures and the tips point toward the renal pelvis.
renal pyramids
35
A funnel-shaped basin that forms the upper end of the ureter.
renal pelvis
36
Cup-like extensions of the renal pelvis that surround the tips of the renal pyramids and collect urine that then passes down the ureters to the bladder.
Calyces (calyx)
37
About how many nephrons are in each kidney?
1 million
38
Hollow cup-shaped bulb; contains a cluster of capillaries that acts as a filtering device.
Glomerular capsule (AKA Bowman's capsule)
39
A tiny, coiled tube consisting of the proximal tubule, nephron loop, and distal tubule.
Renal tubule
40
The renal tubule contains (3):
proximal tubule nephron loop distal tubule
41
The coiled portion leading from the glomerular capsule; twisted in appearance.
proximal tubule
42
Where the proximal tubule uncoils; AKA as the ______________.
Nephron loop; AKA Loop of Henle
43
The ______ limb of the nephron loop carries fluids toward the medulla.
distending
44
The ______ limb carries fluids away from the medulla.
ascending
45
Each of the proximal tubules, nephron loops, and distal tubules empty into a collecting duct, which then continues through the _____ toward the ________.
medulla | renal pelvis
46
A small vessel that supplies the glomerulus with blood.
afferent arteriole
47
The afferent arteriole is bigger/smaller than the efferent?
bigger
48
Blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole easier/harder than it leaves?
easier
49
Carries blood away from the glomerulus?
efferent arteriole
50
Where blood leaving the glomerulus enters a capillary network before heading back to the heart.
Peritubular capillaries
51
Movement of materials under pressure from the blood into the capsules:
Glomerular filtration
52
The process of filtration that occurs in the glomerular capsule by diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
tubular reabsorption
53
What is tubular reabsorption influenced by (2)?
aldosterone | atrial natriueretic peptide
54
Before urine leaves the body some substances (i.e., potassium) are actively moved through this process.
tubular secretion
55
Tubular secretion secretes ___________ as part of acid-base balance.
Hydrogen
56
Tubular secretion is part of the process of ___________ (one of the 5 processes of the kidneys).
acid-base balance
57
This mechanism involves fluid traveling in opposite directions within the ascending and descending limbs of the nephron loop.
Countercurrent mechanism
58
The countercurrent mechanism is regulated by:
antidiuretic hormone
59
Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the
pituitary (just below the hypothalmus)
60
A specialized portion of the nephron that helps in maintaining blood pressure.
juxtaglomerular apparatus
61
A specialized enzyme that initiates the process of activating angiotensin.
renin
62
Angiotensin helps regulate:
blood pressure
63
Material that enters the glomerular capsule:
glomerular filtrate
64
Glomerular filtrate begins in the
renal tubule

A&P (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions