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Respiratory 2 > The Ear, Nose, and Throat Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

The Ear, Nose, and Throat Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

UR bacteria

A

Hemo, S pneumo, moraxella

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2
Q

Above and below gingival line

A

Above - facultative

Below - anaerobes

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3
Q

Rhinorrhea
Facial pain and fullness
Mouth and tongue pain
Max tooth tenderness

A

Nasal mucos
Paransal sinusitis
Somtatitis, glossitis
Max sinusits/effusion

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4
Q

Ear fullness and apin
Vertigo and tinnitus
Hoarseness and voice change
Dysphage

A

MIddle ear, aud canal, ET
Inner ear or CN 8
Larynx and peri-laryngeal tissue
Anywhere from oral cavity to distal esophagus

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5
Q

Eaustachai tube

A

Maintains ATMP pressure of middle ear

Young children more horizontal

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6
Q

Purulent otitis media

A

Much more in childrne than adults

Ear pain, spontaineous rupture with drainahe

S. pneumo abd HIb

Conductive hearing loss, mastoitidis, meningitis

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7
Q

Serous otitis media

A

More in children but more in adults (comp to purulent)

Usually virus or allergic

Ear fullness, popping iwth jaw, decreased hearing

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8
Q

Otitis externa

A

Skin infection of ear canal

Bacteira (acute)

Chronic (fungal and allergic)

Ear pain and discharge

Inflamed canal..positive pinna and tragus signs

Malignant otitis externa is a comp

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9
Q

Malignant otitis externa

A

Severe cellulitis

Immunocompromised, diabetics, transplant

P aeru, and auueus

Systemic AB

Systemic infection and osteomyelitis are comps

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10
Q

Occams razor

A

New onset seizrue plus chornic left ear pain…think brain process instead of ear and be careful with LP

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11
Q

What drains into the meati

A

Sup - sphenoid and post ethmoid

Middle - frontal, max, and anterior ethmoid

inf - lacrimal duct

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12
Q

Sinus transillumination

A

Opacified sinus does not transluminate wlell

Good sensitivyt

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13
Q

Acute sinusitis

A

Sinus ostia obstruction

Facial, maxially tooth pain with sinus c ongestion

Facial and max tooth tenderness with abnormlal illumination

Worry baout periorbital ceullitis, meningitis, subdural empyema, cranial sinus thrombosis

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14
Q

Pott’s puffy tumor

A

Osteomyelitis of the calvarium as a result of frontal sinusitis

Subdural empyema is a comp

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15
Q

Rhinocerebral mucor

A

Look for necrotic eschar, cranial nerve palsies, and facial assymmety

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16
Q

Lung abscess

A

Think poor dentition plus aspiration

May rupture into pleural space to produce empyema

17
Q

Orofacial actinomycosis

A

Think sulfur granules

Jaw abscness complicating tooth abscess for 3 mos

18
Q

Candidiasis

A

Thrush

painless unless moving to pharynx and esophagus

Steroids, diabetes, IC

19
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

Raised red-purple lesion

IC due to HHV 8
Usually extraoral involvement

20
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Oral - white plaques anywhere…response to chronic irritation - premalignant…need to biopsy

Hairy - corrugated white lesion on lateral aspect of tonuge…from EBV induced epithelial hyperplasia…suspect HIV/AIDS

21
Q

Acute epiglottisi

A

Usually Hib

Emergency

DO not swab or manipulate…call surg

22
Q

Acute pharyngitis

A

Sore throad, possibly fever, pain swallowing

GAS, fusobacterium (cololege)

Look for cervical adenopathy that is tender

Comps - peri-tons abscess, superinfection, rheumatic fever

23
Q

Lemierre’s syndrome

A

Begins as pharyngitis due to fuso

Extends into carotid sheath producing septic thrombosis of IJB

Fever, SCMoid, and jaw angle tenderennss, neck stiffness, dysphagia

Thromboemboli travel to lung s

Tx with ABs

24
Q

Submand
Retropharyng
Danger space

A

Ludwig-s angina
Compromise airway
Can extends into mediastinum

25
Q

Ludwig’s angina

A

Odontogenic infection

Involves submandibular space

Compromises swalling and may progress to airway obstruction with elevation of the tongue

Tx - airway management, surgery, ABs

26
Q

Diptheria

A

Parhynx and nasal mucosa

Pseudomembrane

Sore throat, fever, malaise, hoarseness

Bull neck

27
Q

Parotitis

A

Bilateral - viral or inflammatory

Unilateral - Staph aureus

Respiratory 2 (34 decks)

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