The Dutch

Question 1

When was the Eighty Years War?

Answer 1

1568-1648

Question 2

Why did the Dutch War of Independence take place, and what was the outcome? (2)

Answer 2

• religion: Spain was Catholic, the Dutch were Protestant

- the Dutch defeated the Spanish in 1581

Question 3

What did the Eighty Years War, or Dutch War of Independence, lead to?

Answer 3

the origin of the Dutch Empire

Question 4

When was the Dutch “Golden Age?”

Answer 4

1581-1672

Question 5

What was the most prominent trading empire in the early modern era?

Answer 5

the Dutch

Question 6

Why was religious freedom tolerated by the Dutch?

Answer 6

it contributed to the economy

Question 7

Why was the economy paramount to the Dutch? (3)

Answer 7

• developed trade routes to Asia
• warred with Spain and Portugal over these routes
• developed ships that could travel farther and better

Question 8

When was the Dutch East India Company founded?

Answer 8

1602

Question 9

What led to the success of the DEIC?

Answer 9

monopolized spice trade with Asia

Question 10

What made the DEIC significant?

Answer 10

first multinational joint stock company

Question 11

How is the DEIC still relevant today?

Answer 11

precursor to modern corporations’ model

Question 12

What was the West India Company concerned with?

Answer 12

the Americas

Question 13

Who were the first to go around the Horn of Africa?

Answer 13

the Spanish and Portuguese, but the Dutch soon established dominance there

Question 14

Who discovered modern-day New York?

Answer 14

Henry Hudson on the Halve Maen expedition of 1609

Question 15

What issue did Henry Hudson encounter on his expedition?

Answer 15

conflict with Native Americans

Question 16

What sort of trade did Henry Hudson engage in on his expedition?

Answer 16

traded with Natives, acquiring furs

Question 17

What was the outcome of the Hudson voyage?

Answer 17

used to establish claim to New York area

Question 18

Where did Adriaen Block explore on the Block Expeditions?

Answer 18

explored, surveyed and mapped the area between Maryland and Massachusetts

Question 19

What was the area between Maryland and Massachusetts first called?

Answer 19

New Netherland

Question 20

What kind of settlements did the Dutch build?

Answer 20

built trade settlements, rather than colonies

Question 21

What was the outcome of the Block Expeditions?

Answer 21

formed the New Netherland Company with exclusive rights to trade

Question 22

How long did the DWIC last?

Answer 22

1621-1674

Question 23

What was the focus of the DWIC?

Answer 23

meant to focus on the Atlantic slave trade, as well as Dutch interests in North and South America

Question 24

Why was the DWIC a failure, unlike the DEIC?

Answer 24

• expensive

- unorganized

Question 25

What did the DWIC focus on after abandoning territory seizing?

Answer 25

seizing enemy ships and on the slave trade from West Africa

Question 26

Where was New Amsterdam located?

Answer 26

site of modern-day New York, on the Island of Manhattan

Question 27

Who first settled New Amsterdam?

Answer 27

the New Netherland company in the Block Expedition

Question 28

When did New Amsterdam become an official colony?

Answer 28

1624

Question 29

What was the original purpose of “Wall Street?”

Answer 29

the site of the wall the Dutch erected to protect against the English

Question 30

True or False: Modern-day New York is still fairly similar to New Amsterdam.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What is a wampum?

Answer 31

currency of carved shells used by the Native Americans and the Dutch

Question 32

True or False: Glass beads for trade were also highly-valued by the Native Americans.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

True or False: Tobacco pipes were also used for trade between the Dutch and Native Americans. (2)

Answer 33

• true

- pipes were specifically manufactured for Native Americans

Question 34

What else did the Dutch sell to the Native Americans? (2)

Answer 34

• guns

- Dutch did not care much about converting Native Americans to Christianity

Question 35

What is NYC’s African Burial Ground?

Answer 35

the burial site for enslaved Africans of New Amsterdam

Question 36

Where was Fort Orange located?

Answer 36

on the location of Fort Nassau, first permanent Dutch settlement in the Americas

Question 37

Who established the city around Fort Orange, and how did he accomplish this?

Answer 37

Killiaen van Rensselaer; bought lands from the Mahicans

Question 38

What was the fate of Fort Orange?

Answer 38

surrendered to the English in 1664

Question 39

Who excavated Fort Orange from 1970-71?

Answer 39

Paul Huey

Question 40

When did the Dutch surrender to the English?

Answer 40

1664

Question 41

What was unique about Dutch sites, compared to other European sites?

Answer 41

unlike the French and English, Dutch sites showed signs of the “Golden Age” through material culture

Question 42

How do we know Dutch colonizers in North America were living the good life?

Answer 42

a rich variety of artifacts at these sites

Question 43

How did New Netherland archaeological sites compare to those of Netherland?

Answer 43

bear a striking resemblance

Question 44

How did New Netherland archaeological sites compare to those of South Africa and Asia?

Answer 44

strikingly different