The Dutch Flashcards
When was the Eighty Years War?
1568-1648
Why did the Dutch War of Independence take place, and what was the outcome? (2)
- religion: Spain was Catholic, the Dutch were Protestant
- the Dutch defeated the Spanish in 1581
What did the Eighty Years War, or Dutch War of Independence, lead to?
the origin of the Dutch Empire
When was the Dutch “Golden Age?”
1581-1672
What was the most prominent trading empire in the early modern era?
the Dutch
Why was religious freedom tolerated by the Dutch?
it contributed to the economy
Why was the economy paramount to the Dutch? (3)
- developed trade routes to Asia
- warred with Spain and Portugal over these routes
- developed ships that could travel farther and better
When was the Dutch East India Company founded?
1602
What led to the success of the DEIC?
monopolized spice trade with Asia
What made the DEIC significant?
first multinational joint stock company
How is the DEIC still relevant today?
precursor to modern corporations’ model
What was the West India Company concerned with?
the Americas
Who were the first to go around the Horn of Africa?
the Spanish and Portuguese, but the Dutch soon established dominance there
Who discovered modern-day New York?
Henry Hudson on the Halve Maen expedition of 1609
What issue did Henry Hudson encounter on his expedition?
conflict with Native Americans
What sort of trade did Henry Hudson engage in on his expedition?
traded with Natives, acquiring furs
What was the outcome of the Hudson voyage?
used to establish claim to New York area
Where did Adriaen Block explore on the Block Expeditions?
explored, surveyed and mapped the area between Maryland and Massachusetts
What was the area between Maryland and Massachusetts first called?
New Netherland
What kind of settlements did the Dutch build?
built trade settlements, rather than colonies
What was the outcome of the Block Expeditions?
formed the New Netherland Company with exclusive rights to trade
How long did the DWIC last?
1621-1674
What was the focus of the DWIC?
meant to focus on the Atlantic slave trade, as well as Dutch interests in North and South America
Why was the DWIC a failure, unlike the DEIC?
- expensive
- unorganized
What did the DWIC focus on after abandoning territory seizing?
seizing enemy ships and on the slave trade from West Africa
Where was New Amsterdam located?
site of modern-day New York, on the Island of Manhattan
Who first settled New Amsterdam?
the New Netherland company in the Block Expedition
When did New Amsterdam become an official colony?
1624
What was the original purpose of “Wall Street?”
the site of the wall the Dutch erected to protect against the English
True or False: Modern-day New York is still fairly similar to New Amsterdam.
True
What is a wampum?
currency of carved shells used by the Native Americans and the Dutch
True or False: Glass beads for trade were also highly-valued by the Native Americans.
True
True or False: Tobacco pipes were also used for trade between the Dutch and Native Americans. (2)
- true
- pipes were specifically manufactured for Native Americans
What else did the Dutch sell to the Native Americans? (2)
- guns
- Dutch did not care much about converting Native Americans to Christianity
What is NYC’s African Burial Ground?
the burial site for enslaved Africans of New Amsterdam
Where was Fort Orange located?
on the location of Fort Nassau, first permanent Dutch settlement in the Americas
Who established the city around Fort Orange, and how did he accomplish this?
Killiaen van Rensselaer; bought lands from the Mahicans
What was the fate of Fort Orange?
surrendered to the English in 1664
Who excavated Fort Orange from 1970-71?
Paul Huey
When did the Dutch surrender to the English?
1664
What was unique about Dutch sites, compared to other European sites?
unlike the French and English, Dutch sites showed signs of the “Golden Age” through material culture
How do we know Dutch colonizers in North America were living the good life?
a rich variety of artifacts at these sites
How did New Netherland archaeological sites compare to those of Netherland?
bear a striking resemblance
How did New Netherland archaeological sites compare to those of South Africa and Asia?
strikingly different
