Historic Artifacts Flashcards
What are artifacts, and what do they do? (3)
- known broadly as ‘material culture’
- anything made or modified by conscious human action
- provide information about the past
What are the three basic types of ceramics?
- earthenware: fired at 650C
- stoneware: fired at 1200C
- porcelain: fired at 1200-1450C
What were the earliest forms of English household tableware? (2)
- slipware (1580-1795)
- tin-enameled ware (1600-1740)
What sort of tradeware ceramics were there? (3)
- Spanish olive jars, 1500-1850
- Chinese export porcelain, 1574-1830
- tin-enameled ware-majolica, 1400s-present
Describe the three types of German stoneware.
- Rhenish 1550-1700
- Westerwald 1650-1775
- North Italian Marbled Slipware 1610-1660
What are the four types of transitional wares (1740-1765)?
- white salt-glazed stoneware plates, 1740-1805
- whieldon wares, 1740-1780
- jackfield ware, 1740-1780
- english porcelain, 1745-present
What are the three types of creamware (1765-1770)?
- deep yellow creamware, ca. 1762-1780
- overglaze enameled hand-painted, ca. 1765-1810
- light yellow/cream-colored, ca. 1775-1820
What are the six types of pearlware (1770-1820)?
- undecorated, 1780-1820
- edge-decorated, 1780-1830
- annular, 1790-1820
- underglaze blue painted, 1720-1820
- underglaze polychrome, 1820-1840
- blue transfer-painted, 1795-1840
What are the eight types of whiteware (1820s-1900s)?
- finger-painted polychrome slip, 1820-1900
- flow blue, 1820-1900
- engine-turned, 1820-1900
- spongeware, 1830-1900
- ironstone, 1800-1840
- white granite ware
- white porcelaneous ware, 1820-present
- yellow ware, 1820-1900
What are the four types of glass found in archaeological settings?
- soda-lime glass
- lead glass
- vessel glass
- flat glass
Describe the composition of soda-lime glass. (3)
- 70% silica
- 15% soda
- 9% lime
Describe the properties of lead glass. (3)
- lead replaces calcium
- high refractive index
- aka ‘crystal’
What does vessel glass refer to, and what is it used for? (3)
- includes all glass containers
- food and household chemical bottles and jars, beverage bottles, and canning jars
- glass service wares such as drinking glasses and dishes
What is flat glass used for?
window panes
What can glass color indicate?
age or use