Surveys & Remote Sensing

Question 1

What are the four types of sites?

Answer 1

• known sites
• known but lost
• unknown but looking
• unknown and not looking

Question 2

What do ground, or pedestrian surveys look for?

Answer 2

artifacts

Question 3

What sort of remnants do pedestrian surveys reveal? (3)

Answer 3

• post holes
• depressions
• straight lines

Question 4

What are the five types of shovel test pits (STP)?

Answer 4

• simple random sample
• stratified random sample
• systematic sampling
• stratified unaligned systematic sample
• non-probabilistic sampling

Question 5

What is the other kind of survey?

Answer 5

swim surveys

Question 6

What does aerial remote sensing consist of? (3)

Answer 6

• photography and video
• LiDAR
• InfraRed imagery

Question 7

What technology is used for aerial remote sensing? (3)

Answer 7

• helicopters

- drones

Question 8

What images are procured from helicopters and drones? (2)

Answer 8

vertical and oblique images

Question 9

What does LiDAR stand for?

Answer 9

light detection and ranging

Question 10

What is LiDAR?

Answer 10

method for measuring distance by illuminating the target with laser light and measuring the reflection with a sensor

Question 11

How are differences in laser return times and wavelengths measured?

Answer 11

in distances and obstructions

Question 12

What did LiDAR reveal about the Mayans?

Answer 12

Maya farmers may have planned for population growth

Question 13

How did Maya farmers plan for population growth?

Answer 13

between A.D. 350 and 900, the Maya built irrigation channels and terraces in and around the towns in the region, even though the population centers showed no signs of corresponding growth

Question 14

What methods of terrestrial remote sensing are there? (3)

Answer 14

• ground penetrating radar
• electrical resistivity
• metal detector (also underwater)

Question 15

What methods of marine remote sensing are there? (6)

Answer 15

• side scan sonar
• multibeam
• magnetometer
• subbottom profiler
• ROV
• AUV

Question 16

What sort of equipment is required for terrestrial archaeology? (4)

Answer 16

• shovels, picks, hammers
• artifact boxes and bags, note paper, journals, sharpies, tags, shade, sunblock, water, misc.
• buckets and screens, brushes, dustpans
• nails, line, levels total station, plumb bob, tapes, total station

Question 17

What is sterile soil?

Answer 17

an excavation layer or deposit in which there are not cultural materials or evidence of human occupation or activity

Question 18

What sort of equipment is required for underwater excavation?

Answer 18

• screens, buckets, nails, line, levels, tapes
• grid structure, total station/GPS
• scuba gear, tanks and compressor, hookah, fins and boots
• buoyancy compensation device
• knife
• boat/dive platform
• dredge pumps

Question 19

How are excavated artifacts organized?

Answer 19

universal data forms

Question 20

What conservation processes are involved in excavation? (5)

Answer 20

• documentation
• cleaning
• stabilization
• re-documentation
• curation

Question 21

What material types are conserved? (2)

Answer 21

• organic: wood, bone, leather, textiles

- inorganic: ceramics, glass, iron, other metals

Question 22

What are the first three steps of archaeology?

Answer 22

• research question
• acquire permits
• acquire funding