The Diversity of Life Flashcards
Name the 8 Characteristics of life:
- Cellular organisation
- Reproduction
- Metabolism
- Homeostasis
- Heredity
- Response to stimuli
- Growth and development
- Adaptation through evolution
When is theorised to be the earliest cells evolved on earth?
3.4 billion years ago
What is a micrometre in metres?
1e-6 m
How big is a eucaryote (give a range)?
10-100μm
How big is a prokaryote? (less than…)
<5μm
How big is a mitochondria? (give a range)
1-10μm
How big is a chloroplast? (give a range)
2-5 μm
What is a nanometre in micrometres?
1e-3μm
What is a nanometre in metres?
1e-9 m
What is required for evolution to occur?
- replicating organisms
- variation in individuals
- differential survival
What is the mechanism of evolution called?
Natural selection
What is Natural selection?
- mechanism for evolution
- occurs when one trait/allele is more beneficial to an organisms survival due to a selective force, differential survival causes more offspring to survive and reproduce that possess the beneficial trait, than those that dont
What is required for Natural selection?
- variation
- inheritance
- selection/ selective force
- time
What are the three domains of life?
- Bacteria
- Eukarya
- Archaea
What is the endosymbiosis theory?
Two key organelles in the eukaryote ( mitochondria and chloroplast) are derived from bacteria. They were engulfed by the ancestors of eukaryotes and tamed
What bacteria are mitochondria theorised to be derived from?
proteobacteria
What bacteria are chloroplasts theorised to be derived from?
cyanobacteria
What is the key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Membrane enclosed organelles including the nucleus are present in eukaryotes
