L-23 Flashcards

1
Q

What is comparative genomics?

A

A field of biological research in which the genomic features of different organisms are compared

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2
Q

What is the name of genetic material found to be in common between genomes?

A

Conserved

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3
Q

What do differences in genomes between species encode?

A

Organism specific biology

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4
Q

What is the name of the process used to compare sequences?

A

Aligning

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5
Q

What can differences in genomes within species be associated with:

A
  • disease
  • characteristics of an individual
  • evolutionary history
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6
Q

Approximately how much does it cost to sequence the human genome?

A

$1000 USD

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7
Q

What can we learn by comparing genomes between species? (3)

A
  • what types of genes they have in common
  • how differences in species arise
  • relationships between species
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8
Q

Why is using the human genome and comparing it with animal’s to determine what genes make us human difficult? (3)

A
  • there are a lot of differences
  • we share many genes with other animals
  • we don’t know what most genes do
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9
Q

How many genes do we have that aren’t in chimps?

A

3

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10
Q

What are our three most closely related species in terms of genome?

A
  • chimps
  • gorillas
  • Bonobos
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11
Q

Some modern humans contain DNA from what ancient human species:

A
  • Neanderthals

- Denisovans

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12
Q

Which ethnicities of humans carry Neanderthal DNA?

A
  • Europe

- Asia

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13
Q

What race of humans show no sign of interbreeding with Neanderthals?

A

Africans

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14
Q

What percentage of the genome of non-africans is composed of variants that arose in Neanderthals?

A

2-4%

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15
Q

What percentage of the DNA on modern day melanesians is composed of Denisovans DNA?

A

4-6%

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16
Q

What adaptation does Denisovans DNA give tibetans?

A

Ability to live at high altitudes without sickness