L-23 Flashcards
What is comparative genomics?
A field of biological research in which the genomic features of different organisms are compared
What is the name of genetic material found to be in common between genomes?
Conserved
What do differences in genomes between species encode?
Organism specific biology
What is the name of the process used to compare sequences?
Aligning
What can differences in genomes within species be associated with:
- disease
- characteristics of an individual
- evolutionary history
Approximately how much does it cost to sequence the human genome?
$1000 USD
What can we learn by comparing genomes between species? (3)
- what types of genes they have in common
- how differences in species arise
- relationships between species
Why is using the human genome and comparing it with animal’s to determine what genes make us human difficult? (3)
- there are a lot of differences
- we share many genes with other animals
- we don’t know what most genes do
How many genes do we have that aren’t in chimps?
3
What are our three most closely related species in terms of genome?
- chimps
- gorillas
- Bonobos
Some modern humans contain DNA from what ancient human species:
- Neanderthals
- Denisovans
Which ethnicities of humans carry Neanderthal DNA?
- Europe
- Asia
What race of humans show no sign of interbreeding with Neanderthals?
Africans
What percentage of the genome of non-africans is composed of variants that arose in Neanderthals?
2-4%
What percentage of the DNA on modern day melanesians is composed of Denisovans DNA?
4-6%
