Building Blocks of Cells Flashcards
1
Q
4 types of Macromolecules are:
A
- polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)
- Nucleic acids
- Proteins
- Lipids ( non-polymeric macromolecule
2
Q
Functions of Carbohydrates (3)
A
- recognition (proteins, viruses, toxins, antibodies, other cells)
- energy (break down plant+ animal carbs for energy sources)
- structure ( cellulose in plants makes up cell wall),
3
Q
What are macromolecules?
A
- organic biological molecules typically made up of thousands or more atoms organised into monomers that are joined together with strong covalent bonds, that are required for life
4
Q
What are the 4 “levels” of carbohydrates?
A
- Monosaccarides (simple)
- Disaccharides (simple)
- Oligosaccharides (complex)
- Polysaccharides (complex)
5
Q
What are the two types of Monosaccharides?
A
- Hexose Monosaccharides
- Pentose Monosaccharides
6
Q
What are disaccharides?
A
Two monosaccharides joined together
7
Q
What are oligosaccharides?
A
about 3-10 monosaccharides linked together
8
Q
What are Polysaccharides?
A
more than 10 monosaccharides joined together
9
Q
What is a nucleotide composed of?
A
- phosphate
- ribose / deoxyribose sugar
- base (purine or pyrimadine)
10
Q
Name the 5 DNA/RNA bases
A
- Adenine
- Thymine
- Uracil
- Guanine
- Cytosine
11
Q
Which bases are purines?
A
- Adenine
- Guanine
12
Q
Which bases are Pyrimadines?
A
- Thymine
- Uracil
- Cytosine
13
Q
What is the difference between purines and pyrimadines?
A
purines have 2 rings
