The Dissolution Process (11.1) Flashcards
- Describe the basic properties of solutions and how they form - Predict whether a given mixture will yield a solution based on molecular properties of its components - Explain why some solutions either produce or absorb heat when they form.
What other types matter can act as a solvent besides liquid?
Gas and solids
What is an example of solids acting as a solvent?
Alloys, where different types of metal are dissolved into another. Like U.S. five cent coins, where nickel is dissolved in copper.
What is an example of a gas acting like a solvent?
Air, it is a homogenous mixture comprising of nitrogen, oxygen, and several other gases.
Trait #1 of Solutions
They are homogenous, has the same composition throughout solution.
Trait #2 of Solutions
The components of a solution are dispersed on a molecular scale. (Molecules, atoms, and/or ions) closely surrounded by similar species.
Trait #3 of Solutions
Dissolved solution will not settle.
Trait #4 of Solutions
Varied continuously meaning the concentration is easily adjustable. For example you can add little sugar
to water or a lot to whatever fits the situation it is needed for.
What are the two things that can cause spontaneous formation/process naturally?
- A decrease in internal energy (exothermic change)
- An increased dispersal of matter (particles in the system spread out more) leading to more disorder or randomness, which is called entropy.
These phenomenon’s are favored but not guaranteed to happen in real life chemistry.
Spontaneous Process
A reaction or change that occurs naturally under certain conditions without needing any external energy or intervention.
What is an ideal solution?
A mixture of two or more substances that mix together perfectly without change in energy.
What is solvation?
An exothermic process (releases energy) where solutes are dissolved into a solvent.
What is solute-solute process?
An endothermic process where the attractive forces between its own particles (solute-solute) must be broken. It requires energy thus why it is endothermic.
What is a solvent-solvent process?
To make room for solute particles, the attractive forces between solvent particles (solvent-solvent) must also break, which requires energy.
Can chemical reactions dissolve endothermically?
Yes, they can react and absorb heat around the area.
