Solubility (11.3) Flashcards
- Describe the effects of temperature and pressure on solubility. - State Henry's law and use it in calculations involving the solubility of a gas in a liquid. - Explain the degrees of solubility possible for liquid-liquid solutions.
What is solubility?
The maximum amount of solute a solvent can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure to form a homogenous solution.
What does it mean when solution is equal?
When it is saturated, where solute’s concentration is equal to it’s solubility.
What happens if the concentration is less than it’s solubility?
The solution is unsaturated.
A solution that contains low concentration of solute is what?
A dilute.
A high concentration of solute is called what?
Concentrated.
What kind of solution is it called when concentration exceeds its solubility?
When they are in a nonequilibrium state is called supersaturated.
How does dispersion forces affect solubility between gas and liquids?
If dispersion forces are weak, the interaction between them will be weak. Remember dispersion forces depend on how polar the atoms are and the size of the atomic radius.
Another factor that could affect solubility?
Dispersion forces are the weakest type of forces, unlike hydrogen bonds and dipole-dipole interactions. Because of this nonpolar gases tend to have lower solubility in liquids compared to polar or ionic substances.
Does solubility between gas and liquids depend on temperature?
Yes, as temperature increases the kinetic energy of molecules increases. Which reduces the effectiveness of those weak interactions, thereby decreasing the solubility of the gas in the liquid. Meaning gas will gas off from the liquid, and will not be soluble in the liquid.
Does solubility between gas and liquid also depend on pressure?
Yes, pressure increases solubility of the gas, allowing large amount dissolved into the liquid.
Example of pressure affecting gas and liquid solubility?
A bottle of soda is kept at a specific pressure to dissolve CO_2 into the soda. When opened, the pressure decreases so the solubility of CO_2 decreases which forms bubbles as CO_2 escapes from the solution (soda). At some point the soda is supersaturated, over time when solution reaches equilibrium at normal pressure, the CO_2 will continually escape until the soda is “flat”.
What is does it mean when a liquid-liquid solution is MISCIBLE?
They can mix together in any proportion to form a homogenous solution without separating.
What does it mean when a liquid-liquid solution is IMMISCIBLE?
They cannot mix together when combined and will separate naturally because of varying liquid properties.
What is partially miscible?
They can mix together but only to a limited extent. When combined they form a solution to a certain concentration and then later form two layers.
