Electrolytes (11.2) Flashcards
- Define and give examples of electrolytes - Distinguish between the physical and chemical changes that accompany dissolution of ionic and covalent electrolytes - Relate electrolyte strength to solute-solvent attractive forces.
What are electrolytes?
When substances that are dissolved in a solvent and yield ions. (the ions is the electrolyte)
What about nonelectrolytes?
Same thing as electrolyte, except it doesn’t yield ions.
What is a strong electrolyte?
- When dissolved into water the solute dissociates entirely and breaks apart into positively and negatively charged particles in solution.
- Strong electrolytes conduct electricity very well too because of high concentration of ions in solution.
What is a weak electrolyte?
- A substance that partially dissolves in a solvent. Only producing a small amount of ions in the solution.
- Conductibility of electricity is weak because of the lack of ions in the solution.
How do they define strong, weak and nonelectrolytes?
By measuring how well the solution conducts electricity.
What is water and polar molecules attracted to?
Ions
Why is water and polar molecules attracted to ions?
Ion-Dipole Attraction, where cations are attracted to partially negative end of polar molecules and anions are attracted to partially positive end of polar molecules.
What is a dipole?
A polar molecule with partial positive charge on one end and partial negative charge on the other due to it’s uneven distribution of electrons.
What does ionic-dipole attraction do to the solution?
Helps dissolved ionic compounds in polar solvents.
What is dissociation?
Ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them.
