Spontaneity Flashcards
- Distinguish between spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes - Describe the dispersal of matter and energy that accompanies certain spontaneous processes.
Nonspontaneous Process
Requires energy input which may decrease entropy. It requires human intervention.
Spontaneous Process
A process that occurs naturally without needing human intervention to input energy to reach desired product.
What is the difference between nonspontaneous and spontaneous?
Spontaneous: Energy may be released; increases system disorder (entropy)
Nonspontaneous: Requires energy input; may decrease entropy.
What are the similarities of nonspontaneous and spontaneous process?
- Both depend on enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) changes.
- Temperature can affect whether a process is spontaneous or nonspontaneous.
What are the applications?
Gibbs free energy (ΔG) determines spontaneity:
ΔG < 0: Spontaneous
ΔG > 0: Nonspontaneous
- Temperature changes can shift a process between these states.
Why is spontaneous reactions more desired than nonspontaneous?
They proceed on their own without constant human input or energy expenditure. For example, they can be used in processes such as battery function or chemical synthesis without external energy, making systems more sustainable and cost-effective. (Not much maintenance needed).
- Chemical manufacturers seek spontaneous reactions to minimized energy use.
- Biological processes, like osmosis, rely on spontaneous movements to sustain life efficiently.
