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Anatomy Spring semester > The digestive system (chapter 23) > Flashcards

The digestive system (chapter 23) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six functions of the digestive system?

A
  1. ingestion
  2. movement
  3. mechanical breakdown
  4. Digestion
  5. absorption
  6. Defecation
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2
Q

bringing food/fluid into the body

A

ingestion

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3
Q
  • food propelling through digestive system by peristaltic movement (wavelight contractions that push food in a single direction)
  • All organs contribute to this in someway
A

Movement

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4
Q
  • food broken down into smaller pieces to increase efficiency of digestion
  • Increasing surface area of solid food–> it is broken down more easily
A

mechanical breakdown

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5
Q
  • enzymes break down complex food molecules (proteins, carbs, etc) into building blocks
  • monomers= building blocks
A

digestion

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6
Q
  • building blocks are passed from digestive system into blood or lymph
  • lacteals
A

absorption

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7
Q

get rid of what is not/cannot be used

A

Defecation

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8
Q

serous membrane that covers organs of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

peritoneum

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9
Q

covers organs

A

visceral peritoneum

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10
Q

clings to body wall

A

parietal peritoneum

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11
Q
  • fluid-filled space between visceral and parietal peritoneum
  • prevents fiction from organ/organ or organ/body wall contact
  • make sure the organs are not damaged
A

peritoneal cavity

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12
Q
  • double layer of peritoneum extending from digestive organs to body wall
  • holds organs in place
  • providing pasage for blood/lymphatic
  • fat storage (adipose tissue prevents physical trauma)
A

mesentery

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13
Q

Portion of digestive system that forms one long tube in–> out of body

A

Alimentary canal

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14
Q

name the alimentary canals

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

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15
Q

name the accessory glands

A

tongue, salivary glands, teeth,liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

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16
Q

Alimentary canal shares the same four layers

A
  1. muscosa
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis
  4. serosa
17
Q

the innermost layer

18
Q

Mucosa

  • mostly simple columnar
  • function: secretes mucosa, digestive enzymes, hormones and absorptive surface
  • prevents abrasion inside organ
  • EXCEPTION: mouth, esophagus and anus –> stratified squamous (protective measure inside mouth from solid food)
19
Q

mucosa

  • loose areolar connective tissue
  • vascularized (Blood supply)
  • lymph supply (MALT) –> tonsils and appendix
A

Lamina propria

20
Q

mucosa

  • has smooth muscle cells (thin layer)
  • creates movement to increase digestion anf secretion
  • hormones and enzymes are secreted
A

muscularis mucosae

21
Q
  • superficial to mucosa
  • aerolar connective tissue with elastic fibers
  • rich supply of blood and lymphatic vessels, lymphoid follicles, nerve fibers
  • serve surrounding layers of GI tract
22
Q
  • muscular layer that generates movement in GI tract
  • there are 2 layers the circular layer and the longitudinal layer (dont contract at the same time)
A

muscularis externa

23
Q

circular layer contracts

A

organs become narrow and long

24
Q

longitudinal layer contracts

A

organs become wide and short

25
Q
  • thickening in the muscularis externa form….
  • functions: control movement from one alimentary organ to another and prevents back movement of ingested food (allows small amount of food at a time to prevent it from being overwhelmed)
A

sphincters

26
Q
  • outermost layer
  • visceral peritoneum
  • EXCEPTION: the esophagus doed not have this, instead it has adventitia
  • adventitia is dense connective tissue (thicker and tougher)
27
Q

blood supply to the digestive organ

A

Splanchnic circulation

28
Q

branches off the celiac trunk that serve spleen, liver and stomach

29
Q
  • collects nutrient rich blood draining from digestive organs and transports it to liver
  • the liver will be exposed of it first so it protects the brain
A

Hepatic portal circulation

30
Q

nerve supply of the alimentary canal

A

Enteric Nervous system

31
Q

The two major intrinsic nerve plexuses are the submucosal nerve plexus (found in submucosa) and the Myenteric nerve plexus (Found between circular and longitudinal muscle layers)

32
Q
  • initiated by stimuli inside and outside the GI tract
  • involves CNS and extrinsic autonomic nerves
  • sympathetic stimulation- inhibits gastric activity
  • Parasympathetic stimulation- enhances gastric acitvity
A

Long reflex

33
Q
  • Mediated entirely by enteric nervous system in response to stimuli within GI tract
  • Ex: peristalsis- wavelike contractions created by muscularis externa
A

Short reflex

Anatomy Spring semester (10 decks)

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