chapter 20

Question 1

• picks up fluid lost by blood capillaries
• consists of lymph vessels, lymph and lymph nodes
• fluid that is picked up by lymph capillaries is eventually returned to circulation

Answer 1

lymphatic system

Question 2

• provide structural basis for immune system
• monitors body for infection
• house phagocytic cells and lymphocytes

Answer 2

lymphoid organs

Question 3

• picks up protein containing interstitial fluid that is not reabsorbed by blood capillaries
• once it enters the lymph vessel, fluid is called “lymph”

Answer 3

lymphatic vessel

Question 4

lymph vessels only move fluid…. the heart

Answer 4

toward

Question 5

• blind ended vessels that weave through capillary beds
• highly permeable due to presence of two structures
• 1) lossly aggregated endothelial cells in walls of capillaries–>form flaps that open
• 2) Anchoring filaments –>increase in interstitial fluid pulls on anchoring filaments
  -flaps of endothelial wall open
• lymph capillaries allow intake of large proteins
• during illness/infection-capillaries become even more permeable
• pathogens transported to lymph nodes, where immune system destroys them

Answer 5

lymph capillaries

Question 6

specialized lymph capillaries for movement of fats from small intestine to bloodstream

Answer 6

lacteals

Question 7

Collecting lymphatic vessels

Answer 7

• in skin-vessels travel with superficial veins
• in trunk- vessels travel with deep arteries

Question 8

lymphatic trunks

Answer 8

• draining areas resulting from collecting vessels uniting

Question 9

drains lower extremities (legs)

Answer 9

lumbar trunk

Question 10

drains thorax

Answer 10

Bronchomediastinal trunk

Question 11

drains upper extremities (arm) and superficial thoracic wall

Answer 11

Subclavian trunk

Question 12

drains head and neck

Answer 12

jugular trunks

Question 13

drains digestive organs

Answer 13

intestinal trunk

Question 14

lymphatic ducts

Answer 14

• structures that lymphatic trunks drain into
• both ducts empty into junction at internal jugualr vein and subclavian vein
• right lymphatic duct empties into veins on right side
• thoracic duct empties into veins on left side

Question 15

right lymphatic duct

Answer 15

drains lymph from right upper limb, right side of head, and right thorax

Question 16

thoracic duct

Answer 16

• drains any part of body that is not drained by right lymphatic duct
• usually begins at cisterna chyli
• left upper limb, left side of brain, left side of thorax
• both lumbar trunks (right and left limb)
• intestinal trunk

Question 17

lymphoid tissues are made up of…

Answer 17

reticualr connective tissue

Question 18

primary lymphoid organs

Answer 18

• red bone marrow and thymus
• location where B and T cells mature
• B cells mature in Bone marrow
• T cells mature in Thymus

Question 19

secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 19

• lymph nodes, spleen, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
• location where mature lymphocytes first encounter antigens and become activated

Question 20

lymph nodes

Answer 20

• forms clusters in axillary, cervical and inguinal regions
• areas where large number of collecting lymph vessels converge and form lymphatic trunks

Question 21

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 21

• (incorrectly called “swollen glands”)
  Nodes overwhelmed & blocked off due to high infection rate
• Nodes become inflamed, swollen, tender, and filled with pus
• Usually necessitates use of antibiotic to assist in treatment of infection

Question 22

secondary cancer sites

Answer 22

• Metastasizing cancer cells break free from original tumor, get “stuck” in lymph nodes in different parts of body
• lymph nodes become swollen/enlarged, but are not painful
• example: swelling of axiallry nodes indicates breast cancer