The Defence System Flashcards

1
Q

General defence system

A

Non-specific methods used to prevent the entry of pathogens into body and killing those that do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pathogens

A

Diseases causing microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1st line of defence

A

Skin
Tears - lysozyme
Mucous membranes
Stomach acid
Blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Inflammatory reaction

A

Cause redness + swelling at site of infection
More white blood cells moving towards area to fight infection by phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Complement protein
(Protein in blood)

A

Produces holes in wall of bacteria, causing it to fill up with liquid and burst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interferons
(Protein in blood)

A

Makes cell resistant to virus so virus can’t spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Phagocytic white blood cells

A

Chemicals that attract white blood cells are released when cells are damaged
White blood cells engulfs ad destroy any bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Specific Defence System

A

Defence against pathogens using antibodies or particular white blood cells
Leads to developing immunity - ability to resist disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

White Blood Cells (Monocytes)

A

Develop into macrophages
Recognise antigens on surface of pathogen
When pathogens is digested, antigens from pathogens are displayed on surface of macrophage
Can leave blood vessels and engulf damaged / dead cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Antigens

A

A foreign molecule that stimulates production of antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antibody

A

Protein produced by lymphocytes in response to an antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antigen-antibody relationship

A

Each type of antibody is specific to a single antigen
Antibodies surround pathogens and cause them to burst by complement system
Cause pathogens to clump together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Produces antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

B cells

A

Mature in bone marrow
Adapted to recognise one specific antigen and produces one type of antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Plasma B cells

A

Produce large numbers of antibodies, circulate in lymph + blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Memory B cells

A

Allow body to respond if same antigens enter
Effective in preventing infections
Produce antibodies

17
Q

T lymphocytes

A

Produced in bone marrow
Matured in thymus gland

18
Q

Helper T cells

A

Recognises antigens
Secretes interferons which stimulates production of B cells and killer T cells

19
Q

Killer T cells

A

Kills abnormal cells and foreign cells
Release perforin, cause invading cell to become porous and burst

20
Q

Suppressor T cells

A

Reduce immune response when invading antigen is destroyed

21
Q

Memory T cells

A

Trigger B cells and killer T cells when the same antigen invades

22
Q

Induced immunity

A

The ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies

23
Q

Active immunity

A

Immunity is built up by the human itself

24
Q

Natural active immunity

A

When pathogen enters the body in the normal way
Build up own antibodies to fight infections

25
Artificial active immunity
Pathogens enters body medically
26
Vaccine
A non disease causing does of pathogen which stimulates production of antibodies
27
Passive immunity
Immunity is passed on
28
Natural passive immunity
Child gets antibodies from its mother across the placenta or in breast milk
29
Artificial passive immunity
Person is given an injection containing antibodies made by another organism