The Defence System

Question 1

General defence system

Answer 1

Non-specific methods used to prevent the entry of pathogens into body and killing those that do

Question 2

Pathogens

Answer 2

Diseases causing microbes

Question 3

1st line of defence

Answer 3

Skin
Tears - lysozyme
Mucous membranes
Stomach acid
Blood clotting

Question 4

Inflammatory reaction

Answer 4

Cause redness + swelling at site of infection
More white blood cells moving towards area to fight infection by phagocytosis

Question 5

Complement protein
(Protein in blood)

Answer 5

Produces holes in wall of bacteria, causing it to fill up with liquid and burst

Question 6

Interferons
(Protein in blood)

Answer 6

Makes cell resistant to virus so virus can’t spread

Question 7

Phagocytic white blood cells

Answer 7

Chemicals that attract white blood cells are released when cells are damaged
White blood cells engulfs ad destroy any bacteria

Question 8

Specific Defence System

Answer 8

Defence against pathogens using antibodies or particular white blood cells
Leads to developing immunity - ability to resist disease

Question 9

White Blood Cells (Monocytes)

Answer 9

Develop into macrophages
Recognise antigens on surface of pathogen
When pathogens is digested, antigens from pathogens are displayed on surface of macrophage
Can leave blood vessels and engulf damaged / dead cell

Question 10

Antigens

Answer 10

A foreign molecule that stimulates production of antibodies

Question 11

Antibody

Answer 11

Protein produced by lymphocytes in response to an antigen

Question 12

Antigen-antibody relationship

Answer 12

Each type of antibody is specific to a single antigen
Antibodies surround pathogens and cause them to burst by complement system
Cause pathogens to clump together

Question 13

Lymphocytes

Answer 13

Produces antibodies

Question 14

B cells

Answer 14

Mature in bone marrow
Adapted to recognise one specific antigen and produces one type of antibody

Question 15

Plasma B cells

Answer 15

Produce large numbers of antibodies, circulate in lymph + blood

Question 16

Memory B cells

Answer 16

Allow body to respond if same antigens enter
Effective in preventing infections
Produce antibodies

Question 17

T lymphocytes

Answer 17

Produced in bone marrow
Matured in thymus gland

Question 18

Helper T cells

Answer 18

Recognises antigens
Secretes interferons which stimulates production of B cells and killer T cells

Question 19

Killer T cells

Answer 19

Kills abnormal cells and foreign cells
Release perforin, cause invading cell to become porous and burst

Question 20

Suppressor T cells

Answer 20

Reduce immune response when invading antigen is destroyed

Question 21

Memory T cells

Answer 21

Trigger B cells and killer T cells when the same antigen invades

Question 22

Induced immunity

Answer 22

The ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies

Question 23

Active immunity

Answer 23

Immunity is built up by the human itself

Question 24

Natural active immunity

Answer 24

When pathogen enters the body in the normal way
Build up own antibodies to fight infections

Question 25

Artificial active immunity

Answer 25

Pathogens enters body medically

Question 26

Vaccine

Answer 26

A non disease causing does of pathogen which stimulates production of antibodies

Question 27

Passive immunity

Answer 27

Immunity is passed on

Question 28

Natural passive immunity

Answer 28

Child gets antibodies from its mother across the placenta or in breast milk

Question 29

Artificial passive immunity

Answer 29

Person is given an injection containing antibodies made by another organism