Genetic crosses and heredity

Question 1

Gametes

Answer 1

Haploid cells that are capable of fusion

Question 2

Somatic cells

Answer 2

All cells except for reproductive cells

Question 3

Fertilisation

Answer 3

Union of two gametes to form a single cell called zygote

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

Different forms of the same gene

Question 5

Locus

Answer 5

Position on a chromosome

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

Genetic make up of an organism

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

Physical make up/ apperarance

Question 8

Progeny

Answer 8

Off spring produced

Question 9

Homozygous

Answer 9

Two alleles are identical

Question 10

Heterozygous

Answer 10

Alleles are different

Question 11

Punnett square

Answer 11

Gird used to show the ratio of genotypes of the progeny

Question 12

Dominant

Answer 12

Prevents recessive allele from being expressed

Question 13

Recessive

Answer 13

Prevented from being expressed by dominant

Question 14

Incomplete dominance

Answer 14

Neither allele is dominant or recessive and both are equally expressed. Heterozygous phenotype produces an intermediate phenotype

Question 15

Pedigree studies

Answer 15

Diagram showing the genetic history of related individuals

Question 16

Autosomes

Answer 16

Non-sex chromosomes

Question 17

The law of segregation

Answer 17

during gamete formation each member of the allelic pair separates from the other member to form the genetic constitution of the gamete

Question 18

The law of independent assortment

Answer 18

the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.

Question 19

Linkage

Answer 19

Genes are located on the same chromosome

Question 20

Sex linkage

Answer 20

Characteristics is controlled by a gene on a sex chromosome usually X