Chp 3 Food

Question 1

Biomolecules

Answer 1

Chemical that is made inside a living thing

Question 2

Monosaccarides

Answer 2

Simplest sugar molecule
E.g Glucose, galactose and fructose

Question 3

Disaccarides

Answer 3

2 monosaccarides connected
E.g Glucose + Glucose = Maltose
Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

Question 4

Polysaccarides

Answer 4

Many monosaccharides connected
E.g. Starch, cellulose and glycogen

Question 5

Organic compound

Answer 5

Carbon atoms bonded together

Question 6

Triglyceride (Lipid)

Answer 6

Glycerol + 3 fatty acid

Question 7

Phospholipid

Answer 7

Glycerol + 2 fatty acid + phosphate

Question 8

Protein

Answer 8

Chains of amino acids

Question 9

Globular proteins

Answer 9

Lots of foldings
E.g. Enzymes

Question 10

Fibrous protein

Answer 10

Little/ no folding
E.g KEratin

Question 11

Peptide

Answer 11

small amount of amino acid

Question 12

Polypeptide

Answer 12

More than 20 amino acid - this forms protein

Question 13

Structural role of protein

Answer 13

Keratin found in skin and hair

Question 14

Metabolic role

Answer 14

Control reaction and form antibodies to fight infections

Question 15

Deamination

Answer 15

Amino acid converted to urea by liver and urea is carried by blood to kidneys where it is excreted as urine

Question 16

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 16

A, D, E, K

Question 17

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 17

B, C

Question 18

Vitamin D

Answer 18

Prevents rickets/ osteomalacia by helping to absorb calcium

Question 19

Rickets

Answer 19

Weak deformed bones that breaks easily

Question 20

Vitamin C

Answer 20

Prevents scurvy
Essential for formation of connective tissue and help wound heal

Question 21

Scurvy

Answer 21

Poor healing of skin
Bleeding under the skin
Bleeding gums + Loose teeth

Question 22

Magnesium in plant

Answer 22

Form chlorophyll

Question 23

Calcium in plant

Answer 23

Glues cell wall together

Question 24

Iron in animals

Answer 24

Forms haemoglobin

Question 25

Calcium in animals

Answer 25

For bones and teeth

Question 26

Water

Answer 26

Keep temperature stable in body
Water can pass through membrane (osmosis)
Component of cytoplasm and body fluids
Good solvent
Participates in chemical reaction

Question 27

Metabolism

Answer 27

Sum of all chemical reaction

Question 28

Anabolic reaction

Answer 28

Use energy to convert smaller molecules into larger molecules
E.g. Photosynthesis

Question 29

Catabolic reaction

Answer 29

Release energy when a complex molecule is broken down to a simpler form
E.g. Respiration

Question 30

Test for reducing sugar

Answer 30

Benedict’s solution - Blue
Turns brick red in boiling water = Reducing sugar present

Question 31

Test for starch

Answer 31

Iodine solution - Red yellow
Turns blue, black or purple = Starch present

Question 32

Test for lipid

Answer 32

Brown paper
Permanent stain / Translucent spot = lipid

Question 33

To test for Protein

Answer 33

Sodium hydroxide until solution clears
Dilute copper sulphate - Blue
Turns purple - violet = protein present