Chp 3 Food Flashcards
Biomolecules
Chemical that is made inside a living thing
Monosaccarides
Simplest sugar molecule
E.g Glucose, galactose and fructose
Disaccarides
2 monosaccarides connected
E.g Glucose + Glucose = Maltose
Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
Polysaccarides
Many monosaccharides connected
E.g. Starch, cellulose and glycogen
Organic compound
Carbon atoms bonded together
Triglyceride (Lipid)
Glycerol + 3 fatty acid
Phospholipid
Glycerol + 2 fatty acid + phosphate
Protein
Chains of amino acids
Globular proteins
Lots of foldings
E.g. Enzymes
Fibrous protein
Little/ no folding
E.g KEratin
Peptide
small amount of amino acid
Polypeptide
More than 20 amino acid - this forms protein
Structural role of protein
Keratin found in skin and hair
Metabolic role
Control reaction and form antibodies to fight infections
Deamination
Amino acid converted to urea by liver and urea is carried by blood to kidneys where it is excreted as urine
Fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
Water soluble vitamins
B, C
Vitamin D
Prevents rickets/ osteomalacia by helping to absorb calcium
Rickets
Weak deformed bones that breaks easily
Vitamin C
Prevents scurvy
Essential for formation of connective tissue and help wound heal
Scurvy
Poor healing of skin
Bleeding under the skin
Bleeding gums + Loose teeth
Magnesium in plant
Form chlorophyll
Calcium in plant
Glues cell wall together
Iron in animals
Forms haemoglobin