Chp 3 Food Flashcards

1
Q

Biomolecules

A

Chemical that is made inside a living thing

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2
Q

Monosaccarides

A

Simplest sugar molecule
E.g Glucose, galactose and fructose

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3
Q

Disaccarides

A

2 monosaccarides connected
E.g Glucose + Glucose = Maltose
Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

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4
Q

Polysaccarides

A

Many monosaccharides connected
E.g. Starch, cellulose and glycogen

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5
Q

Organic compound

A

Carbon atoms bonded together

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6
Q

Triglyceride (Lipid)

A

Glycerol + 3 fatty acid

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7
Q

Phospholipid

A

Glycerol + 2 fatty acid + phosphate

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8
Q

Protein

A

Chains of amino acids

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9
Q

Globular proteins

A

Lots of foldings
E.g. Enzymes

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10
Q

Fibrous protein

A

Little/ no folding
E.g KEratin

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11
Q

Peptide

A

small amount of amino acid

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12
Q

Polypeptide

A

More than 20 amino acid - this forms protein

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13
Q

Structural role of protein

A

Keratin found in skin and hair

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14
Q

Metabolic role

A

Control reaction and form antibodies to fight infections

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15
Q

Deamination

A

Amino acid converted to urea by liver and urea is carried by blood to kidneys where it is excreted as urine

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16
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

17
Q

Water soluble vitamins

18
Q

Vitamin D

A

Prevents rickets/ osteomalacia by helping to absorb calcium

19
Q

Rickets

A

Weak deformed bones that breaks easily

20
Q

Vitamin C

A

Prevents scurvy
Essential for formation of connective tissue and help wound heal

21
Q

Scurvy

A

Poor healing of skin
Bleeding under the skin
Bleeding gums + Loose teeth

22
Q

Magnesium in plant

A

Form chlorophyll

23
Q

Calcium in plant

A

Glues cell wall together

24
Q

Iron in animals

A

Forms haemoglobin

25
Calcium in animals
For bones and teeth
26
Water
Keep temperature stable in body Water can pass through membrane (osmosis) Component of cytoplasm and body fluids Good solvent Participates in chemical reaction
27
Metabolism
Sum of all chemical reaction
28
Anabolic reaction
Use energy to convert smaller molecules into larger molecules E.g. Photosynthesis
29
Catabolic reaction
Release energy when a complex molecule is broken down to a simpler form E.g. Respiration
30
Test for reducing sugar
Benedict's solution - Blue Turns brick red in boiling water = Reducing sugar present
31
Test for starch
Iodine solution - Red yellow Turns blue, black or purple = Starch present
32
Test for lipid
Brown paper Permanent stain / Translucent spot = lipid
33
To test for Protein
Sodium hydroxide until solution clears Dilute copper sulphate - Blue Turns purple - violet = protein present