DNA + RNA Flashcards
Heredity (Genetic Inheritance)
Passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes
Genes
Section of DNA that causes the production of a protein
Gene expression
Way which genetic information in a gene is decoded in the cell and used to make a protein
Non-coding DNA
DNA that doesn’t cause the production of protein
Founder of DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick
Nucleotide
Phosphate group
Nitrogen base
5 carbon sugar
Base Pair
Adenine + Thymine double H bonds
Guanine + Cytosine Triple H bonds
A+G Purine (double ring)
C+T Pyrimidine (Single ring)
Genetic code
Sequence of bases in DNA that provide the instruction for a cell (using RNA) to form a protein
Triplet/ codon
DNA codes for these amino acids by using a sequence of 3 bases
mRNA
Copy of a genetic message, use as a template to make protein
rRNA
Reads message on mRNA and used to attach mRNA to tRNA
tRNA
Place amino acid in correct sequence to make a protein
RNA
Uracil instead of Thymine
Contains ribose instead of deoxyribose
DNA replication
Production of an identical copy of the DNA
Semi-conservative
Each new DNA has half new DNA and half old DNA
DNA profiling
Method of making a unique pattern of bonds from the DNA of a person, which can then be used to compare with the DNA profile of another person
Genetic screening
Testing of people to see if they have a specific gene
Adult screening
Carried out on adults who may carry a defective gene. May not suffer from a genetic condition but may be a carrier
Foetal screening
Cells can be removed from embryo, placenta or fluid around embryo to see if developing baby has genetic condition
Anti codon
A sequence of a triplet on tRNA that are complimentary to a sequence of a triplet on mRNA
