Chp 28 Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

Digestion

A

Break down of large food molecules into smaller, soluble ones

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2
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces

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3
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Breakdown of food into smaller molecules by enzymes, stomach acid or bile

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4
Q

Steps of human digestion

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Egestion

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5
Q

Mouth : Physical

A

Reduce food into smaller pieces increasing surface area for enzymes to work on
Food is turned into bolus

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6
Q

Teeth formula

A

2I 1C 2PM 3M

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7
Q

Incisor

A

Cutting + bitting

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8
Q

Canine

A

Gripping + tearing

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9
Q

Premolar + molars

A

Grinding + Crushing

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10
Q

Mouth : Chemical

A

Salivary amylase
Consists of water, salt, mucin, amylase and lysozyme

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11
Q

Oesophagus

A

Pushes food down into stomach

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12
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles

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13
Q

Stomach

A

Entrance : Cardiac sphincter muscle
Exit : Pyloric sphincter muscle
Muscular
Expandable
J-Shaped bag

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14
Q

Gastric gland

A

Produces gastric hormones which causes production of gastric juice

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15
Q

HCl in stomach

A

Converts pepsinogen into pepsin
Kills microorganism
Loosen fibrous food
Deactivates salivary amylase

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16
Q

Pepsinogen

A

Activated becomes pepsin
Breaks down protein into peptides

17
Q

Mucus

A

Thick alkaline substance that protects the stomach from acid and enzymes

18
Q

Small intestine

A

absorption of nutrients through diffusion
covered in villus

19
Q

Deamination

A

Amino acids not used broken down in liver forming urea

20
Q

Lacteal

A

Absorbs fatty acid and glycerol into cells of villus lining

21
Q

Adaptation of villi

A

Large number
Large number of microvillus
Walls only one cell thick
Rich in blood supply

22
Q

Adaptation for small intestine

A

Very long
Numerous villi and microvilli
Thin walls
Lymph supply to carry fat away

23
Q

Duodenum

A

Secretes intestinal juice, bile and pancreatic juice

24
Q

Pancreatic juice

A

Produce in pancreas, enters duodenum via pancreatic duct
Contains water, sodium bicarbonate and enzymes
Sodium bicarbonate neutralises acid chyme

25
Q

Bile

A

Produced in liver, stored in gall bladder, enters duodenum via bile duct
Consists of water, bile salt, bile pigments, cholesterol and phospholipids
Bile salt emulsifies fat
Excretes pigments biliverdin and bilirubin
Excretes excess cholesterol

26
Q

Intestinal juice

A

Produced in duodenum
Maltase, sucrase, peptidase

27
Q

Pancreas

A

Makes enzymes
Starch -> amylase -> maltose
Lipids -> lipase ->Fatty acid + glycerol
Protein -> protease -> peptides

28
Q

Ileum

A

Absorption of digested food into circulatory system
Blood capillaries->hepatic portal vein -> Liver

29
Q

Large intestine

A

Water reabsorption and elimination of faeces

30
Q

Caecum

A

Ends in appendix (Both useless)

31
Q

Colon

A

Reabsorbs water + mineral salts
Prevents dehydration

32
Q

Rectum

A

Store semi-solid waste

33
Q

Anus

A

Waste passes out of body as faeces

34
Q

Liver

A

Storage of fat soluable vitamins, glycogen and minerals
Detoxification of poisonous substance
Produce heat
Formation of cholesterol

35
Q

Hepatic artery

A

Brings oxygenated blood to liver

36
Q

Hepatic vein

A

Carries deoxygenated blood + other nutrients from liver

37
Q

Fibres in diet

A

Stimulates peristalsis - absorbs water providing bulk for intestine to push
Prevents constipation - keeps faeces soft
Prevents over-eating

38
Q

Balanced diet

A

Contain all essential nutrients in correct amount