The Cranial Nerves Flashcards
1
Q
What is the tole of the Olfactory nerve
A
transmits special sensory information- sense of smell.
2
Q
What nerve is embryologically derived from the otic placode.
A
CN1 Olfactory nerve
3
Q
Wich cranial nerve is capapble of regeneration
A
Olfactory nerve
4
Q
What is olfacttor mucosa (histologically) composed of?
A
Psuedo startiied columnar epithelium.
5
Q
where can new olfactory nerve cells develop from
A
Basal nerves
6
Q
What are Bowmans glands
A
mucous secretatory glands.
7
Q
what are filia olfactoria
A
bundes of olfactory fibres
8
Q
Where does the CN1 enter the cranial cavity
A
Cribriform Plate
9
Q
Where is the olfactory bulb?
A
Within the olfactory groove.
10
Q
Where does the olfactory tract run to? and what happens here
A
The frontal lobe and divides into the medial and lateral stria
11
Q
Which stria sends fibres tot he Primary Olfactory Cortex
A
The Lateral Stria
12
Q
Where does the Medial stria send nerve fibres to?
A
Amydala & piniform cortex.
13
Q
What cells does the olfacory nerve synapse in?
A
Mitral cells.
14
Q
What cells does the olfacory nerve synapse in?
A
Mitral cells.
15
Q
which cranial nerves do not join the brain stem (name both)
A
Olfactory Nerve and Optic nerve
16
Q
Where does the Medial stria send nerve fibres to?
A
Amygdala & piniform cortex.
17
Q
which cranial nerves do not join the brain stem (name both)
A
Olfactory Nerve and Optic nerve
18
Q
what cells form the optic nerve
A
retinal ganglion cells
19
Q
Which cells send impulses to the retinal ganglion cells
A
the rods and cones
20
Q
How does the optic nerve leave the bony orbit
A
Via the optic canal which is through the spenhoid bone
21
Q
Where is the optic chiasm and what occurs here
A
Within the middle cranial fossa
At the chiasm fibres from the nasal half of each retina cross over forming the optic tracts
22
Q
What fibres foes the Left optic tract co gain
A
Left temporal and right nasal
23
Q
What fibres does the right optic tract contain
A
Right temporal and left nasal
24
Q
Where does the optic tract travel to
A
Corresponding cerebral hemisphere
To the lateral grin usage nucleus
25
What is optic radiation
Pathway where axons from the LAN carry visual information
| Upper and lower optic radiation
26
What is upper optic radiation
Carries fibres from the superior retinal quadrants
| Travels through temporal lobe to reach visual cortex
27
What carries fibres from the inferior retinal quadrants through the parietal lobes to reach the visual cortex
The lower optic radiation
28
What is the third cranial nerve
Oculomotor
29
Where does the oculomotor nerve originate from
The anterior aspect of the mid brain
30
What fibres does the oculomotor nerve contain
Parasympathetic, sympathetic and motor
31
Where does the oculomotor nerve enter after piercing the Dura mater
The cavernous sinus
32
Where does the oculomotor nerve leave the cranial cavity and what occurs here
The superior orbital fissure and here it divided into superior and inferior branches.
33
What does the superior branch f the oculomotor nerve supply?
Motor innervation for the superior rectus and levator palpabrae superialis
Symoathetic innervation of the superior tarsal muscle
34
What does the inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve supply?
Motor innervation to the inferior rects, medial rectus and inferior oblique.
Parasympathetic fibres to the cilliary ganglion, which ultimatley innervates the spinchter pupillae.
35
which branch of the f the oculomotor nerve carries parasympathetic fibres and which carries sympathetic fibres
Sympathetic: superior (both Ss)
Parasymoathetic: Inferior
36
Which muscle elevates they eyeball.
Superior rectus
37
Which muscle raises the upper eyelid
Levator Palpabrae Superioris LPS
38
What muscle acts to keep the eyelid elevated after the LPS has raised it
The Superior tarsal muscle
39
What role does the inferior rectus have on the eye?
Depresses the eyeball
40
What role does the medial rectus have on the eyeball
Adducts the eyeball (moves inwards)
41
Which muscle elevates, abducts and laterally roates the eyeball
Inferior oblique
42
What constricts the pupils and reduces the amount of light entering the eye
Spinchter Pupillae
43
What constricts the pupils and reduces the amount of light entering the eye
Spinchter Pupillae
44
What is the role of the cilliary muscles
Contrats causing the lense to become more spherical and thus more adapted to short range vision
45
What is the fourth cranial nerve and what is its function
Trochlear Nerve
| Purley somatic motor function
46
Where does the trochlear nerve arise from
The trochear nuclues
47
Dsecribe the trochlear nerves anatomical course
runs in subarachnoid space
Pierces dura mater
Moves along the wall of the cavernous sinus with the oculomotor nerve, abducens nerve, opthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigerminal nerve and the internal carotid arterey.
48
Motor function of the trochlear nerve is?
innervates the superior obique
49
What is the superio oblique muscle of the eye responsible for?
Depresses and intorts the eyeball, causing it to look in and down.
50
How is the 4th CN tested
Movement of the eyes
51
How is the 4th CN tested
Movement of the eyes
52
What is the 5th cranial nerve derived from embryologically?
The first pharyngeal arch
53
What is the 5th cranial nerve and what fibres does it carry?
Trigeminal nerve
| Carries Motor, sensory and parasympathetic supply.
54
Which 3 sensory nuclei does the trigeminal nerve arise from?
Principle sensory nucleus
Mescenphalic
Spinal nuclei.
55
What is a nucleus?
A collection of nerve cell bodies within the central nervous system
56
What is a ganglion?
Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS
57
Where is the trigeminal ganglion located
The Trigeminal CAve
58
Where is the trigeminal ganglion located
The Trigeminal CAve
59
Name the three branches of the Trigeminal Nerve
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
60
Where does the Opthalmic nerve exit the cranium
The Superior oribital fissure
61
What exits via the Foramen Rotundum
Maxillary nerve (branch of the trigeminal nerve)
62
Where does the third branch of the trigeminal exit the cranium?
Foramen Ovale
63
What does the Opthalamic Nerve innervate?
Innervates the skin and mucous membrane of:
Frehead and scalp
Frontal and ethmoidal sinus
Upper eyelid, corneal ad Dorsum of the nose.
64
What do the parasymathetic fibrs of the V1 supply
Lacrimal Gland: secretes aqueous layer of the tear film
65
Damage to the Corneal reflex (involuantary blinking) shows damage to ehich cranial nerves?
The facial and trigeminal nerve
66
Which nerve innervates the skin, mucous membrane and sinuses of the Lower eyelid, cheeks and maxillary sinus
uper lip, nasal cavity and superior palate
Maxillary nerve (like the sinus it innervates)V2
67
Which nerve innervates the skin, mucous membrane and sinuses of the Lower eyelid, cheeks and maxillary sinus
uper lip, nasal cavity and superior palate
Maxillary nerve (like the sinus it innervates)V2
68
What is the parasymoathetic branch of V2 supplying?
Lacrimal glands and the nasal glands - mucous glands of the nasal mucosa
69
What are the four terminal branches of the Mandibular Nerve
Buccal, inferior alveolar, auricotemporal and lingual nerve
70
What does the mandibular nerve innervate
```
Skin, mucous membrane and stirated muscle of
the floor of the oral cavity
external ear, lower lip
Chin
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
```
71
What motor supply does the Trigeminal nerve V3 supply:
Muscles of mastication
| tensor tympani and tensor velipalatini
72
What parasympathetic supply does the Trigeminal nerve V3 supply:
submadibular and sublingual glands
| Parotid Gland
73
How would you test motor supply of the trigeminal nerve?
Clench Jaw
74
How would you test parasympathetic supply of the trigeminal nerve?
Corneal reflex
75
How would you test parasympathetic supply of the trigeminal nerve?
Corneal reflex
76
Abducens nerve is?
The 6th CN
| Purley somatic motor function
77
Abducens nerve is?
The 6th CN
| Purley somatic motor function
78
where does hte anducens nerve arise from?
The abducens nucleus
79
Where does the CN6 enter the orbit of the eye?
The superior orbital fissure
80
What cranial nerve innervates the Lateral Rectus and what effect does it have on the eye?
CN6
| Acts to abduct the eye
81
Where does the Lateral Rectus originate from?
The common tendinous ring
82
Where does the Lateral Rectus originate from?
The common tendinous ring
83
what is the seventhe cranial nerves and what fibres does it transmit.
The Facial nerve and it transmits sensory motor and parasympathetic.
84
Define intracranial (in terms of a nerves anatomical course)
the course of the nerve through the cranial cavity and the cranium itself
85
Define extracranial (in terms of a nerves anatomical course)
the course of the nerve outside the cranium and through the head and neck.
86
describe the inter cranial anatomical route of the facial nerve (3 main points)
Arises from the pons
travels through the internal acoustic meatus and enters the facial canal
here the sensosry and motor roots fuse forming the geniculate ganglion
givs rse to two branches
87
Where does the Facial nerve leave the cranium
Via the stylomastoid foramen.
88
which gland does the Facial nerverun through but doesnt innervate (also name the nerve which innervates said gland)
The aprotid gland
| which is actually innervated via the glossopharyngeal nerve CN 9
89
Name the five branches of the facial nerve
```
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical
```
To Zanzibar by Motor car
90
what doe st efacial nerve innervate>
Muscles of facial expression
muscles of the middle ear
suprahyoid muscle of the neck
91
What is the suprahyoid responsible for
Elevating in the hyoid bone
92
where are the muscles of facial expression embyrlogically derived from?
The second pharyngeal pouch
93
where are the muscles of facial expression embyrlogically derived from?
The second pharyngeal pouch
94
what doe sthe chorda tympani of the facial nerve supply??
The special sensory taste innervation of 2/3 of the tongue
95
what do the parasympathetic branches of the facial nerve supply
greater pretrosal = mucous glands of the nose oral cavity and pharynx and supplies the lacrimal gland.
Chorda tympani = the sunblingual and submadibular salivary glands.
96
what is the 8th CN and what is its role
Vestibulochlear nerve which is responsible for hearing and balance.
97
What type of neurons does the vestibula cochlear nerve have?
Bipolar neurones
98
What detects the magnitude and frquency of sound waves?
The cochlear
99
Louder sounds make cause the bassilar membrane to...
a) vibrate more frequently
b) vibrate less frequently.
c) vibrate at a higher magnitude
d) remain the same
A) vibrate more frequently
