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AAA First year SH > The Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

The Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tole of the Olfactory nerve

A

transmits special sensory information- sense of smell.

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2
Q

What nerve is embryologically derived from the otic placode.

A

CN1 Olfactory nerve

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3
Q

Wich cranial nerve is capapble of regeneration

A

Olfactory nerve

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4
Q

What is olfacttor mucosa (histologically) composed of?

A

Psuedo startiied columnar epithelium.

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5
Q

where can new olfactory nerve cells develop from

A

Basal nerves

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6
Q

What are Bowmans glands

A

mucous secretatory glands.

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7
Q

what are filia olfactoria

A

bundes of olfactory fibres

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8
Q

Where does the CN1 enter the cranial cavity

A

Cribriform Plate

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9
Q

Where is the olfactory bulb?

A

Within the olfactory groove.

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10
Q

Where does the olfactory tract run to? and what happens here

A

The frontal lobe and divides into the medial and lateral stria

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11
Q

Which stria sends fibres tot he Primary Olfactory Cortex

A

The Lateral Stria

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12
Q

Where does the Medial stria send nerve fibres to?

A

Amydala & piniform cortex.

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13
Q

What cells does the olfacory nerve synapse in?

A

Mitral cells.

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14
Q

What cells does the olfacory nerve synapse in?

A

Mitral cells.

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15
Q

which cranial nerves do not join the brain stem (name both)

A

Olfactory Nerve and Optic nerve

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16
Q

Where does the Medial stria send nerve fibres to?

A

Amygdala & piniform cortex.

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17
Q

which cranial nerves do not join the brain stem (name both)

A

Olfactory Nerve and Optic nerve

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18
Q

what cells form the optic nerve

A

retinal ganglion cells

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19
Q

Which cells send impulses to the retinal ganglion cells

A

the rods and cones

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20
Q

How does the optic nerve leave the bony orbit

A

Via the optic canal which is through the spenhoid bone

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21
Q

Where is the optic chiasm and what occurs here

A

Within the middle cranial fossa

At the chiasm fibres from the nasal half of each retina cross over forming the optic tracts

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22
Q

What fibres foes the Left optic tract co gain

A

Left temporal and right nasal

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23
Q

What fibres does the right optic tract contain

A

Right temporal and left nasal

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24
Q

Where does the optic tract travel to

A

Corresponding cerebral hemisphere

To the lateral grin usage nucleus

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25
Q

What is optic radiation

A

Pathway where axons from the LAN carry visual information

Upper and lower optic radiation

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26
Q

What is upper optic radiation

A

Carries fibres from the superior retinal quadrants

Travels through temporal lobe to reach visual cortex

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27
Q

What carries fibres from the inferior retinal quadrants through the parietal lobes to reach the visual cortex

A

The lower optic radiation

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28
Q

What is the third cranial nerve

A

Oculomotor

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29
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve originate from

A

The anterior aspect of the mid brain

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30
Q

What fibres does the oculomotor nerve contain

A

Parasympathetic, sympathetic and motor

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31
Q

<p>Where does the oculomotor nerve enter after piercing the Dura mater</p>

A

<p>The cavernous sinus</p>

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32
Q

<p>Where does the oculomotor nerve leave the cranial cavity and what occurs here</p>

A

<p>The superior orbital fissure and here it divided into superior and inferior branches.</p>

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33
Q

What does the superior branch f the oculomotor nerve supply?

A

Motor innervation for the superior rectus and levator palpabrae superialis
Symoathetic innervation of the superior tarsal muscle

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34
Q

What does the inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve supply?

A

Motor innervation to the inferior rects, medial rectus and inferior oblique.
Parasympathetic fibres to the cilliary ganglion, which ultimatley innervates the spinchter pupillae.

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35
Q

which branch of the f the oculomotor nerve carries parasympathetic fibres and which carries sympathetic fibres

A

Sympathetic: superior (both Ss)
Parasymoathetic: Inferior

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36
Q

Which muscle elevates they eyeball.

A

Superior rectus

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37
Q

Which muscle raises the upper eyelid

A

Levator Palpabrae Superioris LPS

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38
Q

What muscle acts to keep the eyelid elevated after the LPS has raised it

A

The Superior tarsal muscle

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39
Q

What role does the inferior rectus have on the eye?

A

Depresses the eyeball

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40
Q

What role does the medial rectus have on the eyeball

A

Adducts the eyeball (moves inwards)

41
Q

Which muscle elevates, abducts and laterally roates the eyeball

A

Inferior oblique

42
Q

What constricts the pupils and reduces the amount of light entering the eye

A

Spinchter Pupillae

43
Q

What constricts the pupils and reduces the amount of light entering the eye

A

Spinchter Pupillae

44
Q

What is the role of the cilliary muscles

A

Contrats causing the lense to become more spherical and thus more adapted to short range vision

45
Q

What is the fourth cranial nerve and what is its function

A

Trochlear Nerve

Purley somatic motor function

46
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve arise from

A

The trochear nuclues

47
Q

Dsecribe the trochlear nerves anatomical course

A

runs in subarachnoid space
Pierces dura mater
Moves along the wall of the cavernous sinus with the oculomotor nerve, abducens nerve, opthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigerminal nerve and the internal carotid arterey.

48
Q

Motor function of the trochlear nerve is?

A

innervates the superior obique

49
Q

What is the superio oblique muscle of the eye responsible for?

A

Depresses and intorts the eyeball, causing it to look in and down.

50
Q

How is the 4th CN tested

A

Movement of the eyes

51
Q

How is the 4th CN tested

A

Movement of the eyes

52
Q

What is the 5th cranial nerve derived from embryologically?

A

The first pharyngeal arch

53
Q

What is the 5th cranial nerve and what fibres does it carry?

A

Trigeminal nerve

Carries Motor, sensory and parasympathetic supply.

54
Q

Which 3 sensory nuclei does the trigeminal nerve arise from?

A

Principle sensory nucleus
Mescenphalic
Spinal nuclei.

55
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

A collection of nerve cell bodies within the central nervous system

56
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

57
Q

Where is the trigeminal ganglion located

A

The Trigeminal CAve

58
Q

Where is the trigeminal ganglion located

A

The Trigeminal CAve

59
Q

Name the three branches of the Trigeminal Nerve

A

Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

60
Q

Where does the Opthalmic nerve exit the cranium

A

The Superior oribital fissure

61
Q

What exits via the Foramen Rotundum

A

Maxillary nerve (branch of the trigeminal nerve)

62
Q

Where does the third branch of the trigeminal exit the cranium?

A

Foramen Ovale

63
Q

What does the Opthalamic Nerve innervate?

A

Innervates the skin and mucous membrane of:
Frehead and scalp
Frontal and ethmoidal sinus
Upper eyelid, corneal ad Dorsum of the nose.

64
Q

What do the parasymathetic fibrs of the V1 supply

A

Lacrimal Gland: secretes aqueous layer of the tear film

65
Q

Damage to the Corneal reflex (involuantary blinking) shows damage to ehich cranial nerves?

A

The facial and trigeminal nerve

66
Q

Which nerve innervates the skin, mucous membrane and sinuses of the Lower eyelid, cheeks and maxillary sinus
uper lip, nasal cavity and superior palate

A

Maxillary nerve (like the sinus it innervates)V2

67
Q

Which nerve innervates the skin, mucous membrane and sinuses of the Lower eyelid, cheeks and maxillary sinus
uper lip, nasal cavity and superior palate

A

Maxillary nerve (like the sinus it innervates)V2

68
Q

What is the parasymoathetic branch of V2 supplying?

A

Lacrimal glands and the nasal glands - mucous glands of the nasal mucosa

69
Q

What are the four terminal branches of the Mandibular Nerve

A

Buccal, inferior alveolar, auricotemporal and lingual nerve

70
Q

What does the mandibular nerve innervate

A 
Skin, mucous membrane and stirated muscle of 
the floor of the oral cavity 
external ear, lower lip 
Chin 
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
71
Q

What motor supply does the Trigeminal nerve V3 supply:

A

Muscles of mastication

tensor tympani and tensor velipalatini

72
Q

What parasympathetic supply does the Trigeminal nerve V3 supply:

A

submadibular and sublingual glands

Parotid Gland

73
Q

How would you test motor supply of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Clench Jaw

74
Q

How would you test parasympathetic supply of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Corneal reflex

75
Q

How would you test parasympathetic supply of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Corneal reflex

76
Q

Abducens nerve is?

A

The 6th CN

Purley somatic motor function

77
Q

Abducens nerve is?

A

The 6th CN

Purley somatic motor function

78
Q

where does hte anducens nerve arise from?

A

The abducens nucleus

79
Q

Where does the CN6 enter the orbit of the eye?

A

The superior orbital fissure

80
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the Lateral Rectus and what effect does it have on the eye?

A

CN6

Acts to abduct the eye

81
Q

Where does the Lateral Rectus originate from?

A

The common tendinous ring

82
Q

Where does the Lateral Rectus originate from?

A

The common tendinous ring

83
Q

what is the seventhe cranial nerves and what fibres does it transmit.

A

The Facial nerve and it transmits sensory motor and parasympathetic.

84
Q

Define intracranial (in terms of a nerves anatomical course)

A

the course of the nerve through the cranial cavity and the cranium itself

85
Q

Define extracranial (in terms of a nerves anatomical course)

A

the course of the nerve outside the cranium and through the head and neck.

86
Q

describe the inter cranial anatomical route of the facial nerve (3 main points)

A

Arises from the pons
travels through the internal acoustic meatus and enters the facial canal
here the sensosry and motor roots fuse forming the geniculate ganglion
givs rse to two branches

87
Q

Where does the Facial nerve leave the cranium

A

Via the stylomastoid foramen.

88
Q

which gland does the Facial nerverun through but doesnt innervate (also name the nerve which innervates said gland)

A

The aprotid gland

which is actually innervated via the glossopharyngeal nerve CN 9

89
Q

Name the five branches of the facial nerve

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic 
Buccal 
Marginal Mandibular 
Cervical

To Zanzibar by Motor car

90
Q

what doe st efacial nerve innervate>

A

Muscles of facial expression
muscles of the middle ear
suprahyoid muscle of the neck

91
Q

What is the suprahyoid responsible for

A

Elevating in the hyoid bone

92
Q

where are the muscles of facial expression embyrlogically derived from?

A

The second pharyngeal pouch

93
Q

where are the muscles of facial expression embyrlogically derived from?

A

The second pharyngeal pouch

94
Q

what doe sthe chorda tympani of the facial nerve supply??

A

The special sensory taste innervation of 2/3 of the tongue

95
Q

what do the parasympathetic branches of the facial nerve supply

A

greater pretrosal = mucous glands of the nose oral cavity and pharynx and supplies the lacrimal gland.
Chorda tympani = the sunblingual and submadibular salivary glands.

96
Q

what is the 8th CN and what is its role

A

Vestibulochlear nerve which is responsible for hearing and balance.

97
Q

What type of neurons does the vestibula cochlear nerve have?

A

Bipolar neurones

98
Q

What detects the magnitude and frquency of sound waves?

A

The cochlear

99
Q

Louder sounds make cause the bassilar membrane to…

a) vibrate more frequently
b) vibrate less frequently.
c) vibrate at a higher magnitude
d) remain the same

A

A) vibrate more frequently

AAA First year SH (16 decks)

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