Gi Anatomy Flashcards by sara Howells

What is the skin of the abdominal wall innervated by

T7-L1

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What is the umbilicus innervated by and at what level is.

T10

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What surface marking identifies the location of bifurcation of the abdominal artery

The umbilicus

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Where is mcburnrys point and what is it used for.

2/3rds from umbilicus to the right anterior superior iliac spine and it is used for identifying base of appendix
Clinical sig- appendicitis

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Where is your Transpyloric plane of Anderson? And what does it locate

Mid point In between the super sternal notch and your public symphysis
Locates gall bladder and pancreas
Pylorus of stomach
Hilum of right kidney

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What is the subcostal plane

Tenth rib
L2 vertebrae and the origin of superior messenteric artery which supplies the ilium and colon.
lower limit of the spinal cord.

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What is the inter tubercular plane (transntubercular)

Marks bifurcation of the aorta
Level of L4
Joins tubercules of iliac crest

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Inter crystal plane

Lower back
Between highest pelvic points
L4/5

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Does the abdominal wall have any deep membranes

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What are the two types of fascia

Scarpas- membranous

Campers - fatty

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What is the name of the sheet of tendons in the abdominal wall

Aponeuroses

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What are the layers of the abdominal wall

Skin
Superficial fascia
Muscles
Parietal peritoneum

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Tendinous intersection

White fibrous lines which give you that fit six pack

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What is the rectus sheath?

Composed of the three muscular layers after they become aponeurotic

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What is within the rectus sheath

Rectus abdominal muscle
Superior and inferior epicanthic arteries and veins
Intercostal nerves T7-T12
Lymphatics

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What are the four this which are 25cm in he body

Urethra ureter oesophagus and duodenum

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What are the three parts if the small intestine

Duodenum
Jejenum
Ileum

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What are arcades?

Blood supply
More in the ileum than jejunum
Connect small intestine with superior messenteric artery

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What are the ileum and jejunum supplied by

Superior messenteric artery

What is the vasae rectae

Long straight arteries which derive from the arcade

What does the transition of blood supply in the duodenum mark

Transition of for gut to mid gut - embryologically

What are the four parts of the large intestine

Ascending colon
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

What is the transpyloric Plane

Level L1

Line across chest

Where does the Oesophagus originate from?

inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (C6)

What level is the oesophageal hiatus

T10

What connects the oephogeal hiatus and and the oesophafus

Phrenicooesophogeal ligament

Describe the msucualr layrs of the Oesophagus

inner circular layer and outer longitudinal muscles

Describe the longitudinal muscle of the oesophagus?

Superior 1/3 = voluntary striated muscle Middle 1/3 Voluntary striated and smooth muscle. Inferior 1/3= Smooth Muscle

Define Peristalsis

Rhythmic contractions of the muscles which propagates down the oesophagus.

What is the Upper Sphincter of the Oesophagus

Upper: anatomical Prevents air in the oesophagus Junction between between the pharynx and the oesophagus Produced by teh cricopharyneus muscle.

Blood Supply of the oesophagus is supplied by:

Thoracic: Inferior thyroid vein and thoracic aorta Abdominal: Left gastric artery (branch of the ceoliac trunk)

Name the two regions of the oesophagus?

Thoracic and Abdominal

List 4 main functions of the Abdominal wall:

Forms a firm flexible wall to keep in abdominal viscera protects the abdominal viscera Maintains the anatomical position of abdominal viscera Assist in forceful expiration

What are the layers of the abdominal wall (4)

Skin Superficial Fascia (subcutaneous tissue) Muscles and associated fibres Parietal Peritoneum

What does the superficial fascai consist of?

Fatty connective tissue Above the umbilicus = 1 sheet of connective tissue Below the Umbillicus = 2 layers fatty superficial layer and membrane deep layer. Superficial vessels and nerves run in between the layers of fascia.

Name the three Flat muscles of the abdomen and there overall function

External Oblique Internal Oblique Transversus Abdominis Overall Function: flex, laterally flex and rotate the trunk.

What is the Rectus Sheath Formed from?

Aponeurosis (downwards and medially) of the three flat muscles

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A potential space between the parital and visveral peritoneum

What is the 2 functions of peritoneal fluid?

Lubricant and immunological factors.

What are the 2 divisions of the greater sac

Supreacolic | Infracolic

What connects the supracolic and intracolic compartment and what divides the two?

Paracolic gutter | Messentry of the transverse colon

What is in the Supracolic Compartment

Stomach Liver Spleen

Infracolic

Small Intestine | Ascending and descending Colon

What is the Perirtoneum

Continious transparent membrane which line the abdominal cavity and cover the abdominal organs.

Name the Five main regions of the stomach

``` Cardia Fundus Body Pylorus Antrum ```

What are the folds of an empty stomach called

Rugae

What supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach

Left Gastric Arterey