Gi Anatomy Flashcards
What is the skin of the abdominal wall innervated by
T7-L1
What is the umbilicus innervated by and at what level is.
T10
L3
What surface marking identifies the location of bifurcation of the abdominal artery
The umbilicus
Where is mcburnrys point and what is it used for.
2/3rds from umbilicus to the right anterior superior iliac spine and it is used for identifying base of appendix
Clinical sig- appendicitis
Where is your Transpyloric plane of Anderson? And what does it locate
Mid point In between the super sternal notch and your public symphysis
Locates gall bladder and pancreas
Pylorus of stomach
Hilum of right kidney
What is the subcostal plane
Tenth rib
L2 vertebrae and the origin of superior messenteric artery which supplies the ilium and colon.
lower limit of the spinal cord.
What is the inter tubercular plane (transntubercular)
Marks bifurcation of the aorta
Level of L4
Joins tubercules of iliac crest
Inter crystal plane
Lower back
Between highest pelvic points
L4/5
Does the abdominal wall have any deep membranes
No
What are the two types of fascia
Scarpas- membranous
Campers - fatty
What is the name of the sheet of tendons in the abdominal wall
Aponeuroses
What are the layers of the abdominal wall
Skin
Superficial fascia
Muscles
Parietal peritoneum
Tendinous intersection
White fibrous lines which give you that fit six pack
What is the rectus sheath?
Composed of the three muscular layers after they become aponeurotic
What is within the rectus sheath
Rectus abdominal muscle
Superior and inferior epicanthic arteries and veins
Intercostal nerves T7-T12
Lymphatics
What are the four this which are 25cm in he body
Urethra ureter oesophagus and duodenum
What are the three parts if the small intestine
Duodenum
Jejenum
Ileum
What are arcades?
Blood supply
More in the ileum than jejunum
Connect small intestine with superior messenteric artery
What are the ileum and jejunum supplied by
Superior messenteric artery
What is the vasae rectae
Long straight arteries which derive from the arcade
What does the transition of blood supply in the duodenum mark
Transition of for gut to mid gut - embryologically
What are the four parts of the large intestine
Ascending colon
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
What is the transpyloric Plane
Level L1
Line across chest
Where does the Oesophagus originate from?
inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (C6)
What level is the oesophageal hiatus
T10
What connects the oephogeal hiatus and and the oesophafus
Phrenicooesophogeal ligament
Describe the msucualr layrs of the Oesophagus
inner circular layer and outer longitudinal muscles
Describe the longitudinal muscle of the oesophagus?
Superior 1/3 = voluntary striated muscle
Middle 1/3 Voluntary striated and smooth muscle.
Inferior 1/3= Smooth Muscle
Define Peristalsis
Rhythmic contractions of the muscles which propagates down the oesophagus.
What is the Upper Sphincter of the Oesophagus
Upper: anatomical
Prevents air in the oesophagus
Junction between between the pharynx and the oesophagus
Produced by teh cricopharyneus muscle.
Blood Supply of the oesophagus is supplied by:
Thoracic: Inferior thyroid vein and thoracic aorta
Abdominal: Left gastric artery (branch of the ceoliac trunk)
Name the two regions of the oesophagus?
Thoracic and Abdominal
List 4 main functions of the Abdominal wall:
Forms a firm flexible wall to keep in abdominal viscera
protects the abdominal viscera
Maintains the anatomical position of abdominal viscera
Assist in forceful expiration
What are the layers of the abdominal wall (4)
Skin
Superficial Fascia (subcutaneous tissue)
Muscles and associated fibres
Parietal Peritoneum
What does the superficial fascai consist of?
Fatty connective tissue
Above the umbilicus = 1 sheet of connective tissue
Below the Umbillicus = 2 layers fatty superficial layer and membrane deep layer. Superficial vessels and nerves run in between the layers of fascia.
Name the three Flat muscles of the abdomen and there overall function
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis
Overall Function: flex, laterally flex and rotate the trunk.
What is the Rectus Sheath Formed from?
Aponeurosis (downwards and medially) of the three flat muscles
What is the peritoneal cavity?
A potential space between the parital and visveral peritoneum
What is the 2 functions of peritoneal fluid?
Lubricant and immunological factors.
What are the 2 divisions of the greater sac
Supreacolic
Infracolic
What connects the supracolic and intracolic compartment and what divides the two?
Paracolic gutter
Messentry of the transverse colon
What is in the Supracolic Compartment
Stomach
Liver
Spleen
Infracolic
Small Intestine
Ascending and descending Colon
What is the Perirtoneum
Continious transparent membrane which line the abdominal cavity and cover the abdominal organs.
Name the Five main regions of the stomach
Cardia Fundus Body Pylorus Antrum
What are the folds of an empty stomach called
Rugae
What supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach
Left Gastric Arterey
