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AAA First year SH > Gi Anatomy > Flashcards

Gi Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the skin of the abdominal wall innervated by

A

T7-L1

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2
Q

What is the umbilicus innervated by and at what level is.

A

T10

L3

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3
Q

What surface marking identifies the location of bifurcation of the abdominal artery

A

The umbilicus

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4
Q

Where is mcburnrys point and what is it used for.

A

2/3rds from umbilicus to the right anterior superior iliac spine and it is used for identifying base of appendix
Clinical sig- appendicitis

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5
Q

Where is your Transpyloric plane of Anderson? And what does it locate

A

Mid point In between the super sternal notch and your public symphysis
Locates gall bladder and pancreas
Pylorus of stomach
Hilum of right kidney

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6
Q

What is the subcostal plane

A

Tenth rib
L2 vertebrae and the origin of superior messenteric artery which supplies the ilium and colon.
lower limit of the spinal cord.

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7
Q

What is the inter tubercular plane (transntubercular)

A

Marks bifurcation of the aorta
Level of L4
Joins tubercules of iliac crest

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8
Q

Inter crystal plane

A

Lower back
Between highest pelvic points
L4/5

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9
Q

Does the abdominal wall have any deep membranes

A

No

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10
Q

What are the two types of fascia

A

Scarpas- membranous

Campers - fatty

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11
Q

What is the name of the sheet of tendons in the abdominal wall

A

Aponeuroses

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12
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall

A

Skin
Superficial fascia
Muscles
Parietal peritoneum

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13
Q

Tendinous intersection

A

White fibrous lines which give you that fit six pack

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14
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

Composed of the three muscular layers after they become aponeurotic

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15
Q

What is within the rectus sheath

A

Rectus abdominal muscle
Superior and inferior epicanthic arteries and veins
Intercostal nerves T7-T12
Lymphatics

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16
Q

What are the four this which are 25cm in he body

A

Urethra ureter oesophagus and duodenum

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17
Q

What are the three parts if the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejenum
Ileum

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18
Q

What are arcades?

A

Blood supply
More in the ileum than jejunum
Connect small intestine with superior messenteric artery

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19
Q

What are the ileum and jejunum supplied by

A

Superior messenteric artery

20
Q

What is the vasae rectae

A

Long straight arteries which derive from the arcade

21
Q

What does the transition of blood supply in the duodenum mark

A

Transition of for gut to mid gut - embryologically

22
Q

What are the four parts of the large intestine

A

Ascending colon
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

23
Q

What is the transpyloric Plane

A

Level L1

Line across chest

24
Q

Where does the Oesophagus originate from?

A

inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (C6)

25
Q

What level is the oesophageal hiatus

A

T10

26
Q

What connects the oephogeal hiatus and and the oesophafus

A

Phrenicooesophogeal ligament

27
Q

Describe the msucualr layrs of the Oesophagus

A

inner circular layer and outer longitudinal muscles

28
Q

Describe the longitudinal muscle of the oesophagus?

A

Superior 1/3 = voluntary striated muscle
Middle 1/3 Voluntary striated and smooth muscle.
Inferior 1/3= Smooth Muscle

29
Q

Define Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic contractions of the muscles which propagates down the oesophagus.

30
Q

What is the Upper Sphincter of the Oesophagus

A

Upper: anatomical
Prevents air in the oesophagus
Junction between between the pharynx and the oesophagus
Produced by teh cricopharyneus muscle.

31
Q

Blood Supply of the oesophagus is supplied by:

A

Thoracic: Inferior thyroid vein and thoracic aorta
Abdominal: Left gastric artery (branch of the ceoliac trunk)

32
Q

Name the two regions of the oesophagus?

A

Thoracic and Abdominal

33
Q

List 4 main functions of the Abdominal wall:

A

Forms a firm flexible wall to keep in abdominal viscera
protects the abdominal viscera
Maintains the anatomical position of abdominal viscera
Assist in forceful expiration

34
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall (4)

A

Skin
Superficial Fascia (subcutaneous tissue)
Muscles and associated fibres
Parietal Peritoneum

35
Q

What does the superficial fascai consist of?

A

Fatty connective tissue
Above the umbilicus = 1 sheet of connective tissue
Below the Umbillicus = 2 layers fatty superficial layer and membrane deep layer. Superficial vessels and nerves run in between the layers of fascia.

36
Q

Name the three Flat muscles of the abdomen and there overall function

A

External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis
Overall Function: flex, laterally flex and rotate the trunk.

37
Q

What is the Rectus Sheath Formed from?

A

Aponeurosis (downwards and medially) of the three flat muscles

38
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

A potential space between the parital and visveral peritoneum

39
Q

What is the 2 functions of peritoneal fluid?

A

Lubricant and immunological factors.

40
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the greater sac

A

Supreacolic

Infracolic

41
Q

What connects the supracolic and intracolic compartment and what divides the two?

A

Paracolic gutter

Messentry of the transverse colon

42
Q

What is in the Supracolic Compartment

A

Stomach
Liver
Spleen

43
Q

Infracolic

A

Small Intestine

Ascending and descending Colon

44
Q

What is the Perirtoneum

A

Continious transparent membrane which line the abdominal cavity and cover the abdominal organs.

45
Q

Name the Five main regions of the stomach

A 
Cardia 
Fundus 
Body 
Pylorus 
Antrum
46
Q

What are the folds of an empty stomach called

A

Rugae

47
Q

What supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

Left Gastric Arterey

AAA First year SH (16 decks)

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