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AAA First year SH > CVS Physiolgy > Flashcards

CVS Physiolgy Flashcards

0
Q

Name three functions of the CVS

A 
Rapid transport of nutrients 
Hormonal control 
Immune support 
Thermo regulation 
Removal of waste products of metabolism
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1
Q

Name the two circuits of the circulatory system

A

Systemic and pulmonary

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2
Q

Which artery leaves the left ventricle

A

Aorta

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3
Q

Which vein empties into the right side of the heart

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

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4
Q

What is aortic pressure

A

120/80mmHg

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5
Q 
What %of cardiac output do the following recurve 
Lungs 
Kidneys 
Liver and GI tracts 
Brain
A

100%
20%
24%
13%

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6
Q

Name the two phases of blood and the % each one makes up

A

45% cellular

55% plasma

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7
Q

How long do red cells white cells and platelets last

A

120 days
6hours
7-10 days

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8
Q

Where are plasma proteins synthesised?

A

The liver

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9
Q

What is an erythrocytes

A

Red blood cell

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10
Q

What is the function of the plasma proteins?

A

Exert osmotic pressure for absorption of iteestinal fluid.

Participate in the clotting cascade

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11
Q

What is a leukocyte

A

White blood cell

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12
Q

What is irons role one haemaglobin

A

Oxygen binding site

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13
Q

Where are erythrocytes produced

A

Bone marrow

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14
Q

What is the role of the hormone erythropoietin and where is is produced

A

Produced I’m kidneys

Stimulates erythrocytes differentiation and production by bone marrow, in response to low oxygen supply

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15
Q

Define platelets

A

Cell fragments essential for blood clotting

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16
Q

What is the decrease in ability for the blood to carry oxygen

A

Anaemia

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17
Q

Name three causes of anaemia

A

Dietary deficiency in iron, B12 and folic acid
Bone marrow failure due to drugs or cancer
Blood loss from the body

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19
Q

What is the prevention of blood loss

A

Hemostatis

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20
Q

where are the baroreceptors located

A

carotid sinus

aortic arch

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21
Q

Which nerve innervates each naroreceptors

A 
Vagus = aortic arch 
Glossopharngeal = carotd sinus
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22
Q

where is the aortic valve ausculated

A

2nd intercostal space right of midlne

23
Q

where is the pulmonary valve ausculated

A

2nd interc ostal space left of msiline

24
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

4th intercostal space left of miline

25
Q

Mitral valve (apex)

A

5 th intercostal space - mid clavicular line

26
Q

What creates the 1st heart sound

A

AV vales closing at start of ventricular systole

27
Q

What creates the 2nd heart sound

A

semilunar valves closing at end of ventricualr systole (s2)

28
Q

where do the coronary arteries originate from?

A

left and right aortic sinuses

29
Q

What does the LCS biffercate into

A

LAD and Circumflex

30
Q

What does the right coronary arteries supply>

A 
RA 
RV 
SAN (60%)
AVN 
Posteriro Septum (70%)
31
Q

Left coronary aryerey supplies?

A

LAD anterior and inferior aspects of LV
anterior septum (window artery)
LA - posterior aspect of LV

32
Q

what is the difference bewteen veins and arteries?

A 
Veins: 
Larger Lumen 
Thinner media 
Less smooth muscles and elastin 
Have valves

Arteries
Smaller luemn
Thicker wall
More elastic and smooth muscle layer

33
Q

what are the three mjor stages of embryological developemnt?

A

Formation of primitice heart tube
Looping
Septation

34
Q

When do you hear the first heart beat?

A

day 22

35
Q

What develosp from the first 2 aortic arches

A

minor head vessels

36
Q

What develops from the 3rd aortic arch -

A

common carotid and proximal interal carotid

37
Q

What develops from the 4th arotic arch

A

R - right sub clavian

L - aortic arch

38
Q

What develops from the 5th aortic arch

A

not present in humans

39
Q

6th aorti arch develops into?

A

R = right pulmonary arterey
L = left pulmonary arterey
Ductus areteiousus

40
Q

Dorsal aorta becomes the

A

Descending aorta

41
Q

Role of AVN

A

delay atrio ventricular depoalrisation

explanation:
The atrioventricular node is the only part of the heart that allows transmission of action potential from atria to ventricles. It causes a delay to allow the atria to completely empty of blood before the ventricles contract. This delay occurs due to the ‘pre-potential’ of the AVN pacemakers cells. There is no specific system to co-ordinate artial contraction, the action potential spreads via gap junctions. Normally rhythm is initiated by the sino-atrial node. Contraction is a physical process, unlike depolarisation which is an electrical process. Atrio-ventricular tachycardias may even involve the AVN - it does not prevent them. - See more at: http://one2onemedicine.com/learning-material/pre-clinical-medical-science/?category=cardiocascular#sthash.UvjddoG6.dpuf

42
Q

What is systollic pressure

A

Pressure at ventricualr contraction

43
Q

Whats diastollic pressure

A

Pressure at ventricualr relaxation - ventricualr filling

44
Q

Normal BP?

A

120/80mmHg

45
Q

High BP (hypertensions)

A

140/80 mmHg

46
Q

How do you calcualte CO

A

SV x HR

Stroke volume x Heart Rate

47
Q

Starlings Law define

A

The Frank–Starling law of the heart (also known as Starling’s law or the Frank–Starling mechanism or Maestrini heart’s law) states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (the end diastolic volume) when all other factors remain constant.

48
Q

What do barorecptors do in regards to low blood pressure being sensed

A

send AP to cv centre in medulla

send signals to poterior pituatary to control ADH

49
Q

Nmae the three hisological layers of the heart

A

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

50
Q

Name three key features of cardiac muscles

A

central nucleis
intercalated discs
branching

51
Q

What are the three main layers in the arterey called>

A

Tunica Adventitia
Tunica Media
Tunica Intima

52
Q

What denotes heart dominace?

A

whetehre the RCA or LCA supplies the posterior interventricualr septum

53
Q

what are the major branches of the ascending aorta

A

Coronary arteries
Brachiocephalic
Left CCA
Left sub clavian arterey

54
Q

Summarise Starlings Law

A

increased pre load (EDV) is proportional to increases in stroke volume resulting greater contractility of cardiac myocytes

AAA First year SH (16 decks)

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