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AAA First year SH > CVS Physiolgy > Flashcards

CVS Physiolgy Flashcards

0
Q

Name three functions of the CVS

A 
Rapid transport of nutrients 
Hormonal control 
Immune support 
Thermo regulation 
Removal of waste products of metabolism
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1
Q

Name the two circuits of the circulatory system

A

Systemic and pulmonary

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2
Q

Which artery leaves the left ventricle

A

Aorta

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3
Q

Which vein empties into the right side of the heart

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

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4
Q

What is aortic pressure

A

120/80mmHg

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5
Q 
What %of cardiac output do the following recurve 
Lungs 
Kidneys 
Liver and GI tracts 
Brain
A

100%
20%
24%
13%

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6
Q

Name the two phases of blood and the % each one makes up

A

45% cellular

55% plasma

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7
Q

How long do red cells white cells and platelets last

A

120 days
6hours
7-10 days

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8
Q

Where are plasma proteins synthesised?

A

The liver

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9
Q

What is an erythrocytes

A

Red blood cell

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10
Q

What is the function of the plasma proteins?

A

Exert osmotic pressure for absorption of iteestinal fluid.

Participate in the clotting cascade

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11
Q

What is a leukocyte

A

White blood cell

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12
Q

What is irons role one haemaglobin

A

Oxygen binding site

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13
Q

Where are erythrocytes produced

A

Bone marrow

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14
Q

What is the role of the hormone erythropoietin and where is is produced

A

Produced I’m kidneys

Stimulates erythrocytes differentiation and production by bone marrow, in response to low oxygen supply

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15
Q

Define platelets

A

Cell fragments essential for blood clotting

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16
Q

What is the decrease in ability for the blood to carry oxygen

A

Anaemia

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17
Q

Name three causes of anaemia

A

Dietary deficiency in iron, B12 and folic acid
Bone marrow failure due to drugs or cancer
Blood loss from the body

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19
Q

What is the prevention of blood loss

A

Hemostatis

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20
Q

where are the baroreceptors located

A

carotid sinus

aortic arch

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21
Q

Which nerve innervates each naroreceptors

A 
Vagus = aortic arch 
Glossopharngeal = carotd sinus
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22
Q

where is the aortic valve ausculated

A

2nd intercostal space right of midlne

23
Q

where is the pulmonary valve ausculated

A

2nd interc ostal space left of msiline

24
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

4th intercostal space left of miline

25
Mitral valve (apex)
5 th intercostal space - mid clavicular line
26
What creates the 1st heart sound
AV vales closing at start of ventricular systole
27
What creates the 2nd heart sound
semilunar valves closing at end of ventricualr systole (s2)
28
where do the coronary arteries originate from?
left and right aortic sinuses
29
What does the LCS biffercate into
LAD and Circumflex
30
What does the right coronary arteries supply>
``` RA RV SAN (60%) AVN Posteriro Septum (70%) ```
31
Left coronary aryerey supplies?
LAD anterior and inferior aspects of LV anterior septum (window artery) LA - posterior aspect of LV
32
what is the difference bewteen veins and arteries?
``` Veins: Larger Lumen Thinner media Less smooth muscles and elastin Have valves ``` Arteries Smaller luemn Thicker wall More elastic and smooth muscle layer
33
what are the three mjor stages of embryological developemnt?
Formation of primitice heart tube Looping Septation
34
When do you hear the first heart beat?
day 22
35
What develosp from the first 2 aortic arches
minor head vessels
36
What develops from the 3rd aortic arch -
common carotid and proximal interal carotid
37
What develops from the 4th arotic arch
R - right sub clavian | L - aortic arch
38
What develops from the 5th aortic arch
not present in humans
39
6th aorti arch develops into?
R = right pulmonary arterey L = left pulmonary arterey Ductus areteiousus
40
Dorsal aorta becomes the
Descending aorta
41
Role of AVN
delay atrio ventricular depoalrisation explanation: The atrioventricular node is the only part of the heart that allows transmission of action potential from atria to ventricles. It causes a delay to allow the atria to completely empty of blood before the ventricles contract. This delay occurs due to the 'pre-potential' of the AVN pacemakers cells. There is no specific system to co-ordinate artial contraction, the action potential spreads via gap junctions. Normally rhythm is initiated by the sino-atrial node. Contraction is a physical process, unlike depolarisation which is an electrical process. Atrio-ventricular tachycardias may even involve the AVN - it does not prevent them. - See more at: http://one2onemedicine.com/learning-material/pre-clinical-medical-science/?category=cardiocascular#sthash.UvjddoG6.dpuf
42
What is systollic pressure
Pressure at ventricualr contraction
43
Whats diastollic pressure
Pressure at ventricualr relaxation - ventricualr filling
44
Normal BP?
120/80mmHg
45
High BP (hypertensions)
140/80 mmHg
46
How do you calcualte CO
SV x HR | Stroke volume x Heart Rate
47
Starlings Law define
The Frank–Starling law of the heart (also known as Starling's law or the Frank–Starling mechanism or Maestrini heart's law) states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (the end diastolic volume) when all other factors remain constant.
48
What do barorecptors do in regards to low blood pressure being sensed
send AP to cv centre in medulla | send signals to poterior pituatary to control ADH
49
Nmae the three hisological layers of the heart
endocardium myocardium epicardium
50
Name three key features of cardiac muscles
central nucleis intercalated discs branching
51
What are the three main layers in the arterey called>
Tunica Adventitia Tunica Media Tunica Intima
52
What denotes heart dominace?
whetehre the RCA or LCA supplies the posterior interventricualr septum
53
what are the major branches of the ascending aorta
Coronary arteries Brachiocephalic Left CCA Left sub clavian arterey
54
Summarise Starlings Law
increased pre load (EDV) is proportional to increases in stroke volume resulting greater contractility of cardiac myocytes

AAA First year SH (16 decks)

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