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General Chemistry > The Components of matter > Flashcards

The Components of matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter is classified into what 3 types?

A
  1. Elements
  2. Compounds
  3. Mixtures
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2
Q

Elements

A

The simpliest types of matter with a unique physicial & chemical properties ( consist of only one kind of atom so can tbe broken by physical or chemical process)

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3
Q

Compounds

A

Consist of two or more different element that are bonded chemically

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4
Q

What are the 3 defining features of compounds?

A
  1. The element are present in fixed parts by mass
  2. A compund properties are different from the properties of its elements
  3. A compound, unlike an element can be broken down into simplier substances ( Its elements) by chemical change
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5
Q

Mixtures

A

Consists of two or more subsatcnes that are physically intermingal

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6
Q

Mixtures can be seperated into their componets by ___________ change

A

Physical change

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7
Q

Fraction by mass (mass fraction)

A

Is the part of the compounds mass that each elements contributes (Divide the mass of each element by the mass of the compound)

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8
Q

Percent by mass (Mass %)

A

Is the fraction by mass expressed as a percentage

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9
Q

Daltons Postulates

A
  1. All matter consist of atoms (Mass conservation law)
  2. Atoms of one element cant be converted into atoms of another element (Mass conservation law)
  3. Atoms of an element are identical in mass & other properties & are different from atoms of any other elements
  4. Compounds results from the chemical combination of a specific ratio of atoms of different elements (Definite composition law)
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10
Q

Atoms are ________ , spherical shape that composed of positively charged nuclues thats surrounded by electrons

A

Neutral

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11
Q

Thee nucleus consist of ________ & ________

A

Protons & Nuetrons

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12
Q

Atoms have the same number of ________ & _______

A

Protons & eletrons

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13
Q

The atomic number

A

Represents the number of protons in the nuclues

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14
Q

Mass number

A

Represents the total number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus

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15
Q

Isotopes

A

Are elements that have the same atomic number & different atomic mass (Therefore have a different number of neutrons, but have identical chemical behavior)

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16
Q

The Isotopic composition of an element is determined by _________

A

Mass spectrometry

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17
Q

Mass Spectrometry

A

Measures the relative mass & abundance of atomic scale particles very precisiely

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18
Q

The atomic - mass interval

A

Used for 10 elements with exceptionally large variations in isotopic composition

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19
Q

What are the 10 elements in the atomic - mass interval ?

A
  1. Hydrogen (H)
  2. Lithium (Li)
  3. Boron (B)
  4. Carbon (C)
  5. Nitrogen (N)
  6. Oxygen (O)
  7. Silicon (Si)
  8. Sulfur (S)
  9. Chlorine (Cl)
  10. Thallium (Th)
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20
Q

If the isotopic compostion of hydrogen is given the interval [1.00784; 1.00811] what does this mean?

A

Means that the mass of hydrogen is between 1.00784 & 1.00811

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21
Q

Natural Law Theory

A

That the morally right action is the one that follows the dicates of nature (Morally right

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General Chemistry (14 decks)

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