chemistry chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the states of matter?
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
Model (Theories)
Based on the experiments that test hypotheses about observation shows scienific things from speculation
The Scientific Methods Includes what type of procedures?
- Observation
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Model
What are the properties of matter change ?
Physical change & physical properties
________ error always occurs but the size of it depends on how much the user mess up
Random Error
Converision Equations between Clesius & Fahrenheit
°F = 9/5(°C + 32) , °C = 5/9(°F - 32)
Chemical Properties
Characteristics a substance shows as it changes intoa new element or substance
Random Error
In the absence of systematic error, produces values that are higher & lower than actual value
What is the freezing point in the Celsius Scale & the differece in degrees?
Freezes at 0° & boils at 100° (100° difference )
An experiment contains two variables: _______ & _________, its usually a _______ experiement to measure the affects of the dependent variable
Independent Variable & Dependent Variable, & Controlled Experiment
________ can be altered but _______ cant
Hypothesis , Experiment Results
Physical change is caused by ______ and can be reversed by _______
A ________ explains how phenomeon occurs where its a simplified but not an exact representation of some aspect of nature that we use to predict related phenoneon
Model (Theories)
Accuracy
refers to how close each measuremnt is to the actual value
Kinetic Energy
Is the energy due to the motion of the object
Examples of Extensive Properites
Mass& Volume
Difference between phyiscal & chemical change
Physical change- has the same substance before & after
Chemical change- different substance before & after
Physical Change
No change in composition
Systematic Error
Produces values that are either all higher or all lower than the actual value (In the device being used)
In a ______ particles are tightly close to each other, in _______ particles are very spaced out, & in a _______ particles are closely together but have space to move
Solid, Gas, Liquid
Hypothesis
Is a proposal made to explain an observation, where it doesnt need to be correct but testable by an experiment (If the results dont support it then it must be discarded or revised)
Preicison(Reproducibility)
Refers to how close the measurements in a series are to one another
What is the freezing & Boiling point in the Kelvin Scale & the differece in degrees?
Freezes at 273K & Boils at 373K (100° difference)
________ measurements have low _______ & generally low random error
Accurate measurements , low systematic error
Heat
Is the energy that flows from one object with higher temp to an object with lower temp
What is chemistry
the scientific study of matter & its properties, the changes that matter undergoes & the energy associated with those changes
Temperature
Is a measure of how hot or cold one object is relative to another
Examples of chemical properties
Flammability, corrosiveness, & reactivity with acids
Matter
is the stuff in the universe that has mass
Extensive Properties
Are dependent on the amount of substance present
Chemical Change(Chemcial Reaction)
Occurs when one or more substance are converted into one or more new substance with different compostition & properties
Physical & Chemical changes both has a change in __________
Energy
Energy
Chemical Change
A change in composition
_______ measurements have low ______; small deviations from the average
Precise measurements, low random error
What is the freezing & Boiling point in the Fahrenheit Scale & the differece in degrees?
Freezes at 32° & Boils at 212° (180° Difference)
The total energy an object has is the sum of its __________ & ___________
Potential & Kinetic enegry (Mechanical Energy)
Observation
The facts within our ideas, where quantitative observation is must useful because they can be analyzed to reveal trends & pieces of quantitive info are data
Gas
has varying shape that takes the form if the container
Natural law
When observations are made by many people and get the same results
Intensive Properties
Independent of the amount og substance (Ex. Denisty )
Solid
has a fixed shape that doesnt take the shape of the container
Liquid
has a variety of shapes that takes the form of the but only to the extent of the liquid volume
Physical Properties
Are characteristics a substance shows by itself without changing into another element (What you see when you first look at it)
Examples of physical properties
Color, Melting Point, Electrical conducivity, & density
__________ are more stable than ________
Lower energy, Higher Energy
Potential Energy
Is the energy due to the position of the object’s relative to other objects
Experiment
A set of prodecural steps that test a hypothesis an experiment often leads to a revised hypothesis & new experiments to test it
