Matter & Measurments Flashcards
Crystallization
Cooling or evaporating a saturated solution so that crystals of the pure substance are formed & filled out
Elements
Substances that cant be broken down into simpler components by physical or chemical process
Atoms
the smallest part of an elements that contains properties of that element
Gas
- Doesnt have a fixed volume & has a indefinite shape (Its volume varies with temp & Pressure where it can be compressed)
- Has rotational, Translational, & Vibrational motion
Colloids
Mixture of an intermediate particle size between a solution & a suspenison having a dispered phased
Centriguation
Seperations of solids & liquids with similar densities from a heteregenous mixture by spinning it
Electrophoresrs
Uses the migration of ions in electric field, seperator of ions by size & Charge
Formula Units
Combination of atoms in ionic compounds (High Boiling & Melting Points)
Extensive Properties
Properties that depend on the amount of matter present
Examples of Physical Changes
Melting & Boiling
Chemical Properties
Properties of matter that changes the composition of the substance
What is Density?
Density = mass / volume (Units usually g/cm^3)
Intensive Properties
Properties that don’t depend on the amount of matter present
Relative Deviation
Represents the fractional deviation for a set of data
Relative Dev. = Avg. Absolute Dev./ Mean Value x 100
(Represents Precision)
Precision
Depuplication of results where its measured to see how accurate the values are
Volume if a Cube
Volume = S2
Standard Deviation
Used to express the precision in a set of values (Small deviation- the numbers are close to each other which shows good precision , where more spread out values means less precise)
Plasma
Highly ionized gas where the electrons are gone allowing for free movements of charges
What are the two parts logarithms are compressed of?
- Characteristic - digits to the left of the decimal point
- Mantissa - Digits to the right of the demical point
Distillation
Speration of two liquids or solids in a liquid from each other through the difference in bnoiling points (Heating or Cooling the liquids)
Indeterminate Errors
Random Errors caused by the equipment or the person using it (Uncertainites)
Mean or Absloute Deviation
Tells the reader how spread out the values are(Shows precision of the values)
Extractions
Separations of two immiscible liquids ( Usually through filtering- which is used to separate particles)
Energy is added when ___________ & released when ___________
Added when bonds break apart & and released when bonds are formed
Suspenions
A heterogeneous mixture of larger particles having clearly distingishable regions
Facts About Logarthims
- Negative numbers dont have logs
- The lof of the number greater than 1 is positive while the log of a number less than 1 is negative (The log of zero is always negative)
Homogenous Mixtures
Mixtures having parts that can be identified & consists of one or more substance in a phase (Usually referred as a solution)
Formula for volume of a Sphere
Volume = 4/3πr2
Bose Einstein Condensate
Matter exists at low temps. near absolute zero
Chemical Changes
A substance has changed into a new substance
Mixtures
Contains two or more substances that are not chemically combined & dont exist in fixed proportions to one another
Absolute Error(Absloute uncertainty)
The + value of the measurement (The uncertainity in the tool)
Chromatography
Separtion using a mobile phase (Liquids or gas solvent) & stationary phase
Liquid
Has a fixed volume where it takes the shpe of its container (Have translational Motion)
Example of Intensive Properties
Color, Odor, Melting Point, Density(Specific Gravity), heat of fusion, heat of vaporization temperature, Specific heat, etc
Purified
Separting a mixture into its pure components, elements, or / & compounds
Quantitative Measurements
Measurements that involves numerical information
Accuracy
How close a values are to the actual value
Examples of Extensive Properties
Size, Volume, Mass, Weight, Length, Solubility, etc
What is matter?
Anything that take up space & has mass (SI unit kg or grams)
Solids
Has a rigid shape & fixed volume that changes very little as temp & pressure changes
Pure Substances
Substances made of only of one type matter (Either elements or compounds, giving it a unqiue set of properties that can be identified)
Qualitative Measurements
Measurements based on word description
Compounds
Combinations of elements that can be broken down into individiual elements
Physical Changes
The identity of the substance remains unchanged even though the physical state changed( Like the size, shape or phase its in)
Determinate Errors
Systemic errors where its errors are within the machine or tool being used
Variance
It measures how far a set of numbers are spread out from their average value
Relative Error(Relative Uncertainty)
Ratio of the absolute error of the value of the measurement
What is Weight?
a measure of gravitational pull on a substance
Formula for Volume of rectangle
Volume = Length x Width x Height
Filament
Matter exist at very high temps (So high nucleus can collaspe)
Molecules
The small part of non-covalent Compounds
Volume of a Cylinder
Volume = πr2h
