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General Chemistry > Matter & Measurments > Flashcards

Matter & Measurments Flashcards

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1
Q

Crystallization

A

Cooling or evaporating a saturated solution so that crystals of the pure substance are formed & filled out

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2
Q

Elements

A

Substances that cant be broken down into simpler components by physical or chemical process

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3
Q

Atoms

A

the smallest part of an elements that contains properties of that element

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4
Q

Gas

A
  • Doesnt have a fixed volume & has a indefinite shape (Its volume varies with temp & Pressure where it can be compressed)
  • Has rotational, Translational, & Vibrational motion
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5
Q

Colloids

A

Mixture of an intermediate particle size between a solution & a suspenison having a dispered phased

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6
Q

Centriguation

A

Seperations of solids & liquids with similar densities from a heteregenous mixture by spinning it

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7
Q

Electrophoresrs

A

Uses the migration of ions in electric field, seperator of ions by size & Charge

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8
Q

Formula Units

A

Combination of atoms in ionic compounds (High Boiling & Melting Points)

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9
Q

Extensive Properties

A

Properties that depend on the amount of matter present

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10
Q

Examples of Physical Changes

A

Melting & Boiling

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11
Q

Chemical Properties

A

Properties of matter that changes the composition of the substance

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12
Q

What is Density?

A

Density = mass / volume (Units usually g/cm^3)

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13
Q

Intensive Properties

A

Properties that don’t depend on the amount of matter present

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14
Q

Relative Deviation

A

Represents the fractional deviation for a set of data

Relative Dev. = Avg. Absolute Dev./ Mean Value x 100

(Represents Precision)

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15
Q

Precision

A

Depuplication of results where its measured to see how accurate the values are

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16
Q

Volume if a Cube

A

Volume = S2

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17
Q

Standard Deviation

A

Used to express the precision in a set of values (Small deviation- the numbers are close to each other which shows good precision , where more spread out values means less precise)

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18
Q

Plasma

A

Highly ionized gas where the electrons are gone allowing for free movements of charges

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19
Q

What are the two parts logarithms are compressed of?

A
  1. Characteristic - digits to the left of the decimal point
  2. Mantissa - Digits to the right of the demical point
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20
Q

Distillation

A

Speration of two liquids or solids in a liquid from each other through the difference in bnoiling points (Heating or Cooling the liquids)

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21
Q

Indeterminate Errors

A

Random Errors caused by the equipment or the person using it (Uncertainites)

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22
Q

Mean or Absloute Deviation

A

Tells the reader how spread out the values are(Shows precision of the values)

23
Q

Extractions

A

Separations of two immiscible liquids ( Usually through filtering- which is used to separate particles)

24
Q

Energy is added when ___________ & released when ___________

A

Added when bonds break apart & and released when bonds are formed

25
Q

Suspenions

A

A heterogeneous mixture of larger particles having clearly distingishable regions

26
Q

Facts About Logarthims

A
  1. Negative numbers dont have logs
  2. The lof of the number greater than 1 is positive while the log of a number less than 1 is negative (The log of zero is always negative)
27
Q

Homogenous Mixtures

A

Mixtures having parts that can be identified & consists of one or more substance in a phase (Usually referred as a solution)

28
Q

Formula for volume of a Sphere

A

Volume = 4/3πr2

29
Q

Bose Einstein Condensate

A

Matter exists at low temps. near absolute zero

30
Q

Chemical Changes

A

A substance has changed into a new substance

31
Q

Mixtures

A

Contains two or more substances that are not chemically combined & dont exist in fixed proportions to one another

32
Q

Absolute Error(Absloute uncertainty)

A

The + value of the measurement (The uncertainity in the tool)

33
Q

Chromatography

A

Separtion using a mobile phase (Liquids or gas solvent) & stationary phase

34
Q

Liquid

A

Has a fixed volume where it takes the shpe of its container (Have translational Motion)

35
Q

Example of Intensive Properties

A

Color, Odor, Melting Point, Density(Specific Gravity), heat of fusion, heat of vaporization temperature, Specific heat, etc

36
Q

Purified

A

Separting a mixture into its pure components, elements, or / & compounds

37
Q

Quantitative Measurements

A

Measurements that involves numerical information

38
Q

Accuracy

A

How close a values are to the actual value

39
Q

Examples of Extensive Properties

A

Size, Volume, Mass, Weight, Length, Solubility, etc

40
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that take up space & has mass (SI unit kg or grams)

41
Q

Solids

A

Has a rigid shape & fixed volume that changes very little as temp & pressure changes

42
Q

Pure Substances

A

Substances made of only of one type matter (Either elements or compounds, giving it a unqiue set of properties that can be identified)

43
Q

Qualitative Measurements

A

Measurements based on word description

44
Q

Compounds

A

Combinations of elements that can be broken down into individiual elements

45
Q

Physical Changes

A

The identity of the substance remains unchanged even though the physical state changed( Like the size, shape or phase its in)

46
Q

Determinate Errors

A

Systemic errors where its errors are within the machine or tool being used

47
Q

Variance

A

It measures how far a set of numbers are spread out from their average value

48
Q

Relative Error(Relative Uncertainty)

A

Ratio of the absolute error of the value of the measurement

49
Q

What is Weight?

A

a measure of gravitational pull on a substance

50
Q

Formula for Volume of rectangle

A

Volume = Length x Width x Height

51
Q

Filament

A

Matter exist at very high temps (So high nucleus can collaspe)

52
Q

Molecules

A

The small part of non-covalent Compounds

53
Q

Volume of a Cylinder

A

Volume = πr2h

General Chemistry (14 decks)

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