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General Chemistry > Electronic Structure & Atomic Behavior > Flashcards

Electronic Structure & Atomic Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

As you move across a period, atomic radius _____

A

Decreases (Zeff increase which means more protons in the nucleus which cause a stronger pull causing it to decrease)

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2
Q

Second & higher ionization energy

A

Second ionization energy is the energy required to remove a second outermost electron from a ground state atom

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3
Q

Exceptions to electron configurations

A

Expected: [Ar] 4s23d4

Actual: [Ar] 4s13d5

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4
Q

Amplitude

A

Wave’s height from zero to the creest

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5
Q

Bright Line Spectrum

A

The characteric light emitted by energertically excited atoms of an element as an electron fall from a higher to lower energy state

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6
Q

When atoms abbsorb energy electrons move into _____ energy levels where electrons then lose energy by ________ light when they return to lower energy level

A

Higher Energy levels, Emitting light

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7
Q

Isoelectronic series

A

Ions have the same number of electrons

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8
Q

Ground State

A

Lowest possible energy level

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9
Q

How to you determine which atoms is larger than the other within an isoelectronic series?

A

The number of protons it has

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10
Q

Electronegativity

A

A measure of the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself

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11
Q

Atoms with high ionization energy forms _______

A

Anions

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12
Q

When ions are formed, valence electrons are _____ or _______ to establish stability & become ______ with a noble gas

A

Gained or lost; isoelectronic

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13
Q

Cations are _______ their regular atom

A

Smaller

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14
Q

The _______ the electron affinity for an electron, the more energy is released when an electron is added

A

Larger

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15
Q

Wave length

A

Distance between the crest

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16
Q

Ferromagnetism

A

Occurs when the spins of unpaired electrons in a cluster of atoms in a solid align themselves in the same direction

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17
Q

The lower the energy level the more ______ the atom

A

Stable

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18
Q

Diamagnetic

A

Occur when electrons are paired

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19
Q

Photoelectric effect

A

Occurs when light strikes the surface of a metal & electrons are released

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20
Q

Excited State

A

Higher energy level

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21
Q

Atomic Emission Spectrum

A

The frequencies of light emitted by an element into discrete lines

22
Q

Pauli Exclusion Principle

A

States no two electrons can have the same set of quantum number (oribitals can only hold two electrons with opposite spins)

23
Q

Octect Rule

A

States that atoms are most stable when they have a full shell of electrons in the outermost ring

24
Q

Lowest first ionization energy is usually within what group?

A

Group 1 A

25
Q

As you move across a period, electron affinity _______

A

Increases

26
Q

Destructive

A

When two waves are out of phase & cancel out one another out (Produce darkness)

27
Q

As you move across a period, first ionization energy _________

A

Increases

28
Q

Photons are only ejected when the ________ of the light exceeds a certain thresold value for each particular metal

A

Frequency

29
Q

Anions are ______ their regualr atom

A

Larger

30
Q

Uncertaainty Principle

A

States that cant know the both the location & momentum of an electron at any given time

31
Q

As you move down a group, atomic radius _____

A

Increase

32
Q

Hunds Rule

A

The lowest energy configuration for an atom is the one having the maximum number of unpaired electrons allowed

33
Q

Electronegativity _____ as you go down a group

A

Decreases

34
Q

Frequency

A

Is the number of waves cycles to pass a given point per unit of time (SI unit Hz)

35
Q

Sheilding

A

Inner electrons at lower energy levels essentially blocks the proton’s force of atrraction toward the nucleus

36
Q

Why does ionization energy increase as you move across the period?

A

It increases because as you move across the period the size decreasesand electrons become closer to the nucleus)

37
Q

Paramagnetism

A

Occurs when electrons are unpaired

38
Q

Wave length & frequency are _______ to one another

A

Inversely Proportional

39
Q

Rules for stability

A
  1. Full energy level (Most stable)
  2. Full subshell
  3. 1/2 filled subshell
  4. Full oribital
  5. 1/2 filled oribital (least oribital)
40
Q

Electron Affinity

A

The energy given off when a neutral atom in the gas phase gains an extra electron to form a negatively charged ion

41
Q

The electron affinity becomes more _______ as you move across a period because the Zeff ________ therefore increasing the attraction for an electron

A

More negative, Increases

42
Q

Constructive

A

When two waves are in phase & combine to make a larger wave increase that waves amplitude (Produce light)

43
Q

Highest 1st ionization is usually within what group?

A

Group 8A

44
Q

Energy & frequency are _______ to one another

A

Directly Proportional

45
Q

Aufbau Principle

A

Electrons fill lowest energy oribitals first

46
Q

As you down a group, electron affinity _______

A

Decreases

47
Q

Energy is ________ proprtional to the frequency of a wave

A

Dirtecly proportional

48
Q

First Ionization energy

A

The energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom in the the ground state

49
Q

Electronegativity ______ across a period

A

Increases

50
Q

Atoms with low ionization energy forms ______

A

Cations

51
Q

As you move down a group, first ionization energy _________

A

Decrease

52
Q

Diffraction

A

The bending of waves through a narrow, small, opening

General Chemistry (14 decks)

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