Entropy and free energy

Question 1

2nd Law of thermodynamics

Answer 1

All process occur spontaneously in the direction that increase the entropy of the universe (Entropy can’t be negative)

Question 2

Entropy and Enthaply are __________

Answer 2

State Functions (where it only matter about inital and final and not the direction taken)

Question 3

3rd law of thermodynamics

Answer 3

A perffect crystal has azero enthaply at absolute zero (S_sys = 0 at 0 K )

Question 4

Entropy (S) is an __________ where it depends on the amount of substance

Answer 4

Extensive Property

Question 5

What are the units for molar entropy (S^o)

Answer 5

J/mol * K

Question 6

Temperature is _________ proportional to entropy

Answer 6

Directly

Question 7

Why does entropy (S) increase as the temp increase?

Answer 7

Because the kinetic energy increases so the particles move faster which means can form more different groups)

Question 8

List the order of entropy increasing with the phases of a substance

Answer 8

S^o_soild < S^o_liquid < S^o_gas

Question 9

The increase of from a liquid to gas is ________ than from a solid to a liquid

Answer 9

Larger (ΔS^o_vap > ΔS^o_fus)

Question 10

The standard entropy of reaction (ΔS^o_rxn)

Answer 10

Is the entropy change that occurs when all reactants and products are in the standard state

Question 11

Formula for ΔS^o_rxn

Answer 11

ΔS^o_rxn = S^o_products - S^o_reactants

Question 12

In an exothermic reaction heat is ___________ by the system and absorbed by the surroundings

Answer 12

Released

Question 13

In an endothermic reaction heat is _________ by the system from the surroundings realsing it

Answer 13

Absorbed

Question 14

Formula for ΔS_surroundings related to rempteraure and q_system

Answer 14

ΔS_surr = - q_sys/ T

Question 15

Formula for ΔS_surr related to enthaply and temperature

Answer 15

ΔS_surr = - ΔH_sys / T

Question 16

When a reaction is at equilibrium the entropy of the universe is equal to what?

Answer 16

Zero (ΔS_Univ = 0 )

Question 17

Gibbs free energy equation

Answer 17

ΔG_sys = ΔH_sys - TΔSsys

Question 18

When ΔG is _________ then a reaction is spontaneous

Answer 18

Less than zero

Question 19

When ΔG is ________ then a reaction is nonspontaneous

Answer 19

Greater than zero

Question 20

When ΔG is _________ then a reaction is at equilibrium

Answer 20

Equal to zero

Question 21

Standard free energy equation

Answer 21

ΔG^o_sys = ΔH^o_sys - TΔS^o_sys

Question 22

What is the equation for ΔG^o_rxn

Answer 22

ΔG^o_rxn = ΔG^o_products - ΔG^o_reactants

Question 23

Equation used for ΔG when its at equilibrium (and standard conditions are used)

Answer 23

ΔG^o = -RTlnK

Question 24

Equation used for ΔG when not at standard conditions

Answer 24

ΔG = ΔG^o + RT ln Q

Question 25

When ΔG is spontaneous (ΔG <0) then the reaction goes from _____________

Answer 25

Left to right (Reactants to Products)

Question 26

When ΔG is nonspontaneous (ΔG > 0) the _________ reaction is spontaneous means it goes from ___________

Answer 26

Reverse Reaction, from right ot left