the component of the immune system Flashcards
what does immunity mean
Immunity is body’s ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful foreign materials or abnormal cells
what is innate immunity?
The first line of defense always ready to prevent and eradicate infections
what is adapative immunity?
Develops later, after exposure to microbes, and is even more powerful than innate immunity in combating infections
what are the components of innate immunity?
-natural barriers
-phagocytes
-soluable meditors e.g comlement
what are the adpative components of immunity?
lymphocytes
-antigen pressig cells
anitgen recongistion molecules
describe innate immunity?
Provides immediate protection from infection
Is broadly specific to microbes and tissue damage products
Initiates processes that lead to activation of adaptive immune responses.
Does not change in response to reinfection (non- adaptive)
describe adaptive immunity?
Is highly specific to a particular molecule “antigen
Generates proteins and cells that enhance innate immune function.
Responses upon reinfection are faster, better and stronger (memory)
what are some external defenses
skin
mucous membranes
ssecretions
what are some internal defenses
phagocytic cells
antimicrobial proteins
inflammatory response
what are some acquired immunity responses
humoral response
cell mediated response
what are phaycytes?
a cell such a WBC that engulfs and absorbs waste material and other harmful microorganisms or any other foreign bodies in the blood stream
what is the lifespan of moncytes
days
what is the lifespan of macrophages
several months or even years
describe monocytes and macrophages
Spend only a short time in the marrow, and after circulating for 20-40hrs, leave the blood to enter the tissues
what is the function of monocytes and macrophages
Assume specific functions in different tissues: brain/microglia; lung/alveolar
what are the 3 functions of monocytes and macrophage
1) destroy bactiera by phagocytosis
2) activate other immune functions
3) phagocytose apoptotic cells
describe neutrohils?
Neutrophils are a type of granulocytic white blood cell.
Form an essential part of the innate immune system, in response to bacterial infections
Dense nucleus, consisting of 2-5 lobes, irregular outline
why are neutrophills important?
Neutrophils are one of the first-responders of inflammatory cells to migrate towards the site of inflammation
describe the cytoplasm in neutrophills?
Pale cytoplasm, containing fine pink-blue or grey-blue granules
what % does esoniphill make up of the wbc
1.5%
what does eosinophil also possess?
anti histamine properties
what does esoniphill cells do>
cells migrate to the area of the bodt were they are exposed to the external envrionment usually under the skin.
describe basophill?
Basophils are the smallest circulating granulocytes and they contain heparin and histamine
The number of basophils increases during infection.
what does basophill secrete?
They accumulate at the site of infection or other inflammation, were they secrete histamine, which increase the blood flow to the infected area.
what % of basophills show up as WBC
0.5%
what do basophills assist with?
they assist the movement of phagocytes and protective substances such as antibodies, into the tissue spacing, were they accumulate in areas of local inflammation at the healing stage
what are mast cells?
Mast cells play a central role during allergic reactions
where do mast cells live?
directly under the skin and mucosae, and react immediately when an allergenic substance enters the body
quick summary of neutophill
diameter 10-12
target: bacteria and fungi
LS: 6 hours to a few days
quick summary of eosinophil?
diamter 10-12
targets: parasite in allergic reactions
LS: 8-12 DAYS
quick summary of basophill?
diamter: 12-15 nanometers
targets: allergic reactions
quixk summary of lymphcytes?
daimter 7-8 nanonmeters
targets: B cells” various pathogens
t cells: inflam t cell, helper t cell
natural killer cells
LS: weeks to years
what are the diff types of WBC
neutrophil
esopinhill
basophill
lymphocyte
monocyte
macrphage
dendric cells
which are the phayocytic cells
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Monocytes
Dendritic cells
