the component of the immune system

Question 1

what does immunity mean

Answer 1

Immunity is body’s ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful foreign materials or abnormal cells

Question 2

what is innate immunity?

Answer 2

The first line of defense always ready to prevent and eradicate infections

Question 3

what is adapative immunity?

Answer 3

Develops later, after exposure to microbes, and is even more powerful than innate immunity in combating infections

Question 4

what are the components of innate immunity?

Answer 4

-natural barriers
-phagocytes
-soluable meditors e.g comlement

Question 5

what are the adpative components of immunity?

Answer 5

lymphocytes
-antigen pressig cells
anitgen recongistion molecules

Question 6

describe innate immunity?

Answer 6

Provides immediate protection from infection
Is broadly specific to microbes and tissue damage products
Initiates processes that lead to activation of adaptive immune responses.
Does not change in response to reinfection (non- adaptive)

Question 7

describe adaptive immunity?

Answer 7

Is highly specific to a particular molecule “antigen
Generates proteins and cells that enhance innate immune function.
Responses upon reinfection are faster, better and stronger (memory)

Question 8

what are some external defenses

Answer 8

skin
mucous membranes
ssecretions

Question 9

what are some internal defenses

Answer 9

phagocytic cells
antimicrobial proteins
inflammatory response

Question 10

what are some acquired immunity responses

Answer 10

humoral response
cell mediated response

Question 11

what are phaycytes?

Answer 11

a cell such a WBC that engulfs and absorbs waste material and other harmful microorganisms or any other foreign bodies in the blood stream

Question 12

what is the lifespan of moncytes

Answer 12

days

Question 13

what is the lifespan of macrophages

Answer 13

several months or even years

Question 14

describe monocytes and macrophages

Answer 14

Spend only a short time in the marrow, and after circulating for 20-40hrs, leave the blood to enter the tissues

Question 15

what is the function of monocytes and macrophages

Answer 15

Assume specific functions in different tissues: brain/microglia; lung/alveolar

Question 16

what are the 3 functions of monocytes and macrophage

Answer 16

1) destroy bactiera by phagocytosis
2) activate other immune functions
3) phagocytose apoptotic cells

Question 17

describe neutrohils?

Answer 17

Neutrophils are a type of granulocytic white blood cell.

Form an essential part of the innate immune system, in response to bacterial infections

Dense nucleus, consisting of 2-5 lobes, irregular outline

Question 18

why are neutrophills important?

Answer 18

Neutrophils are one of the first-responders of inflammatory cells to migrate towards the site of inflammation

Question 19

describe the cytoplasm in neutrophills?

Answer 19

Pale cytoplasm, containing fine pink-blue or grey-blue granules

Question 20

what % does esoniphill make up of the wbc

Answer 20

1.5%

Question 21

what does eosinophil also possess?

Answer 21

anti histamine properties

Question 22

what does esoniphill cells do>

Answer 22

cells migrate to the area of the bodt were they are exposed to the external envrionment usually under the skin.

Question 23

describe basophill?

Answer 23

Basophils are the smallest circulating granulocytes and they contain heparin and histamine

The number of basophils increases during infection.

Question 24

what does basophill secrete?

Answer 24

They accumulate at the site of infection or other inflammation, were they secrete histamine, which increase the blood flow to the infected area.

Question 25

what % of basophills show up as WBC

Answer 25

0.5%

Question 26

what do basophills assist with?

Answer 26

they assist the movement of phagocytes and protective substances such as antibodies, into the tissue spacing, were they accumulate in areas of local inflammation at the healing stage

Question 27

what are mast cells?

Answer 27

Mast cells play a central role during allergic reactions

Question 28

where do mast cells live?

Answer 28

directly under the skin and mucosae, and react immediately when an allergenic substance enters the body

Question 29

quick summary of neutophill

Answer 29

diameter 10-12

target: bacteria and fungi

LS: 6 hours to a few days

Question 30

quick summary of eosinophil?

Answer 30

diamter 10-12

targets: parasite in allergic reactions

LS: 8-12 DAYS

Question 31

quick summary of basophill?

Answer 31

diamter: 12-15 nanometers

targets: allergic reactions

Question 32

quixk summary of lymphcytes?

Answer 32

daimter 7-8 nanonmeters

targets: B cells” various pathogens
t cells: inflam t cell, helper t cell

natural killer cells

LS: weeks to years

Question 33

what are the diff types of WBC

Answer 33

neutrophil
esopinhill
basophill
lymphocyte
monocyte
macrphage
dendric cells

Question 34

which are the phayocytic cells

Answer 34

Neutrophils
Macrophages
Monocytes
Dendritic cells