adaptive immunity Flashcards
what is the immune system divided into?
innate immunity
adaptive immunity
what is the first line of innate immunity
skin and mucous membranes and secretions
what is the second line of innate immunity?
innate immune cells
inflammation
complement
what is the third line of adaptive immunity?
t cells
b cells
what is adaptive immunity also known as?
specific responses
what is innate immunity also known as?
non specific responses
what is adaptive immunity split into?
humoural response
cellular response
explain the humoural repsonse?
b lymphocytes- plasma cells
explain the cellular response
t lymphcytes- t helper cells, t cytotoxic cells
give me 3 effector cells
plasma cells
t helper cells
t cytoxic cells
summarise innate immunity?
Fast
Non-specific
No immune memory
summarise adpative immunity?
Slow
Specific
Immune memory
secondary response is what?
The secondary response is faster and stronger than the primary response
how are memory cells adapted to their role
Memory cells can mount a faster and stronger immune response compared to the primary response to the same invader
what is adaptive immunity also known as (2)
Acquired Immunity’
what can naturally acquired immunity also be split into?
naturally acquired immunity
artificially acquired immunity
what can artificially acquired immunity be split into
active- vaccination
passive- administration of immune serum
what can naturally acquired immunity be split into (2)
active- direct exposure to pathogens
passive-maternal antibodies passed via placenta
what are the central organs
thymus and bone marrow
what are the secondary lymphoid organs
tonsil
lymph nodes
spleen
apendix
describe the Peripheralorsecondary lymphoid organs
Newly formed lymphocytesmigrate from the primary lymphoid organs tothe secondary organs where they react with foreignantigen
describe the Central or Primary lymphoid organs
Thymus and bone marrow- Lymphocytes develop and mature(Generative organs)
what are the T cell progenitor cells
T cell progenitor cells are precursor cells that give rise to T lymphocytes (T cells),
where do t cell progenitor cell originate?
T cell progenitor cells originate in the BM but develop into mature T cells in the Thymus
explain the process of maturation of lymphocytes?
T progenitor cell (bone marrow)
Thymus
Mature T cells
Circulation
Peripheral lymphoid organs
what are the thymocytes?
The developing immature T cells in the thymus
how do t cells prevent autoimmune reactions
T cells need to have ‘Self-tolerance’ : unresponsiveness to self-antigens
what is clonal selection?
describes how the immune system responds to specific antigens
where does central tolerance occur/
occurs in Thymus on immature T cells
what is the role of central tolerance?
elimination of autoreactive immature T cells
what is peripheral tolerance?
elimination of autoreactive mature T cells
where does peripheral tolerance occur?
occurs in Peripheral lymphoid organs on mature T cells
why do cells needs self tolernace?
T cells need self-tolerance to prevent the immune system from attacking the body’s own cells.
because of self tolerance what does this help>
helps prevent autoimmune reactions, where the immune system mistakenly targets and damages the body’s own tissues,
describe peripheral toleance?
PT: crucial aspect of the immune system that prevents the activation of immune cells against the body’s own tissues in the periphery
involves :regulatory T cells, induction of anergy, deletion of autoreactive cells
what does central tolernace involve?
apoptosis (programmed cell death)
Mature and move to the peripheral lymphoid organs
what are t helper cells also known as?
CD4+ cells
what do cd4 express?
express the CD4 glycoprotein on their surface
what are the purposes of cd proteins?
commonly used as cell markers
allows cells to be identified and defined
can also be involved in immune reactions
