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immunology > adaptive immunity > Flashcards

adaptive immunity Flashcards

1
Q

what is the immune system divided into?

A

innate immunity
adaptive immunity

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2
Q

what is the first line of innate immunity

A

skin and mucous membranes and secretions

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3
Q

what is the second line of innate immunity?

A

innate immune cells
inflammation
complement

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4
Q

what is the third line of adaptive immunity?

A

t cells
b cells

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5
Q

what is adaptive immunity also known as?

A

specific responses

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6
Q

what is innate immunity also known as?

A

non specific responses

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7
Q

what is adaptive immunity split into?

A

humoural response
cellular response

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8
Q

explain the humoural repsonse?

A

b lymphocytes- plasma cells

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9
Q

explain the cellular response

A

t lymphcytes- t helper cells, t cytotoxic cells

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10
Q

give me 3 effector cells

A

plasma cells
t helper cells
t cytoxic cells

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11
Q

summarise innate immunity?

A

Fast
Non-specific
No immune memory

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12
Q

summarise adpative immunity?

A

Slow
Specific
Immune memory

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13
Q

secondary response is what?

A

The secondary response is faster and stronger than the primary response

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14
Q

how are memory cells adapted to their role

A

Memory cells can mount a faster and stronger immune response compared to the primary response to the same invader

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15
Q

what is adaptive immunity also known as (2)

A

Acquired Immunity’

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16
Q

what can naturally acquired immunity also be split into?

A

naturally acquired immunity
artificially acquired immunity

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17
Q

what can artificially acquired immunity be split into

A

active- vaccination
passive- administration of immune serum

18
Q

what can naturally acquired immunity be split into (2)

A

active- direct exposure to pathogens
passive-maternal antibodies passed via placenta

19
Q

what are the central organs

A

thymus and bone marrow

19
Q

what are the secondary lymphoid organs

A

tonsil
lymph nodes
spleen
apendix

19
Q

describe the Peripheralorsecondary lymphoid organs

A

Newly formed lymphocytesmigrate from the primary lymphoid organs tothe secondary organs where they react with foreignantigen

20
Q

describe the Central or Primary lymphoid organs

A

Thymus and bone marrow- Lymphocytes develop and mature(Generative organs)

21
Q

what are the T cell progenitor cells

A

T cell progenitor cells are precursor cells that give rise to T lymphocytes (T cells),

22
Q

where do t cell progenitor cell originate?

A

T cell progenitor cells originate in the BM but develop into mature T cells in the Thymus

23
Q

explain the process of maturation of lymphocytes?

A

T progenitor cell (bone marrow)

              Thymus

           Mature T cells

             Circulation

Peripheral lymphoid organs

24
Q

what are the thymocytes?

A

The developing immature T cells in the thymus

25
Q

how do t cells prevent autoimmune reactions

A

T cells need to have ‘Self-tolerance’ : unresponsiveness to self-antigens

26
Q

what is clonal selection?

A

describes how the immune system responds to specific antigens

27
Q

where does central tolerance occur/

A

occurs in Thymus on immature T cells

28
Q

what is the role of central tolerance?

A

elimination of autoreactive immature T cells

29
Q

what is peripheral tolerance?

A

elimination of autoreactive mature T cells

30
Q

where does peripheral tolerance occur?

A

occurs in Peripheral lymphoid organs on mature T cells

31
Q

why do cells needs self tolernace?

A

T cells need self-tolerance to prevent the immune system from attacking the body’s own cells.

32
Q

because of self tolerance what does this help>

A

helps prevent autoimmune reactions, where the immune system mistakenly targets and damages the body’s own tissues,

33
Q

describe peripheral toleance?

A

PT: crucial aspect of the immune system that prevents the activation of immune cells against the body’s own tissues in the periphery

involves :regulatory T cells, induction of anergy, deletion of autoreactive cells

34
Q

what does central tolernace involve?

A

apoptosis (programmed cell death)

Mature and move to the peripheral lymphoid organs

35
Q

what are t helper cells also known as?

A

CD4+ cells

36
Q

what do cd4 express?

A

express the CD4 glycoprotein on their surface

37
Q

what are the purposes of cd proteins?

A

commonly used as cell markers
allows cells to be identified and defined
can also be involved in immune reactions

38
Q
A

immunology (13 decks)

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