Chemical Mediators of the immune system Flashcards
whata are the phases of wound healing
haemotosis
inflammation
proliferation
remodelling
what are some side effects of acute inflammation?
redness
heat
pain
swelling
what are some benefits of acute inflammation?
dilution
entry of antibodies
drug transport
fibrin transport
delivery of nutrients and oxygen
stimulation of immune response
how is dilution of toxins a benefit of acute inflammation?
i.e bacteria - allows toxins to be carried away by lymphatics
how is entry of antibodies a benefit of acute inflammaion?
increased vascular permeability allows antibodies to enter the extravascular space, where they may lead to lysis or phagocytosis
Antibodies are also important in neutralisation of toxin.
how is drug transport a benefit of acute inflammation?
fluid carries therapeutic drugs such as antibiotics to the site where bacteria are multiplying
how is fibrin transport a benefit of acute inflammation?
fibrin formation may impede the movement of micro-organisms, trapping them and so facilitating phagocytosis
how is delivery of nutruents a benefit of acute inflammation?
delivery of nutrients and oxygen, essential for cells is aided by increased fluid flow through the area.
what is compartment syndrome?
Occurs when excessive pressure builds up inside an enclosed muscle space in the body
what causes compartment syndrome?
bleeding or swelling after an injury.
why is compartment syndrome so bad?
The dangerously high pressure in compartment syndrome impedes the flow ofbloodto and from the affected tissues
why does the compartment pressure rise?
after an injury blood (fluid resulting from inflammation or injury) may accumulate in the compartment. the walls of the fascia cannot expand therfore the pressure rises . which prevents enough blood to flow to the tissues inside the compartment
what is the end result of compartmemnt syndrome?
SEVERE tissue damage can result.
where are you most likely to develop compartment syndrome?
The legs, arms, andabdomen
what are cytyokines?
small proteins or peptides that serve as signaling molecules in the immune system
what do cytokines have?
High affinity for cells receptors
autocrine cytokines?
Affects the generating cell (self)
paracrine cytokines
Affects cells in the immediate vicinity
endorcrine cytokines?
Affects cells remote from the secreting cell
what is an example of cytokine related disease?
bacterial septic shock
what are some functions of cytokines?
Inflammation
Hematopoiesis
Antiviral Defense
what is sepsis
person is attacked by by agressive
infection triggers a mix of:
pro- inflammatory responses
anti inflammatory responses
what causes sepsis?
Sepsis happens when there is too much pro-inflammatory responses
what is sympton of sepsis?
Severe breathlessness
what are some causes of sepsis?
had lung infection
had skin infection
had UTI
what is the order of events in sepsis?
micoribal infection
hyper inflammatory
cytokine storm ( too many cytokines)
death of immune cells (hypo inflammation)
what are the main players in sepsis?
microbes
nervous system
adpative IS
cell death
innate IS
what is the role of interferons?
group of signaling proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system’s response to viral infections
what is the function of interferons?
Interferons fight infectious disease
Increase the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes.
Inhibits the replication of intracellular pathogens.
what are the 3 main type of interferons?
alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ).
what do interferons also monitor?
regulate tumour growth
