The Clinical Laboratory Flashcards
It provides ACCURATE and RELIABLE INFORMATION to medical doctors for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and management of disease.
The Clinical Laboratory
What are the 2 Clinical Laboratories according to Function?
- Clinical Pathology
- Anatomic Pathology
It is concerned with the DIAGNOSIS and TREATMENT of diseases performed through laboratory testing of blood and other body fluids.
(e.g. clinical chemistry, immunohematology, and blood banking)
Clinical Pathology
It is concerned with the DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES through microscopic examination of TISSUE and ORGAN
(e.g. histopathology, immunohistopathology, cytology, autopsy, and forensic pathology)
Anatomic Pathology
What are the 2 Clinical Laboratories according to Institutional Characteristics?
- Institutional-based
- Free-standing
A Clinical laboratory that operates within the premises or part of an INSTITUTION such as a hospital, school, medical clinic, medical facility for overseas workers, etc
Institutional-based
A Clinical laboratory is NOT PART of an established institution. The most common example is an outpatient clinical laboratory.
Free-standing
What are the 2 Clinical Laboratories according to ownership?
- Government-owned
- Privately-owned
Owned wholly or partially, by NATIONAL
or LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT.
(e.g. San Lazaro Hospital, Ospital ng Maynila (LGU), and Jose Reyes Medical Center)
Government-owned
Owned, established, and operated by an INDIVIDUAL, CORPORATION, INSTITUTION, ASSOCIATION, or ORGANIZATION.
(e.g. St. Lukes Medical Center, Makati Medical Center, and MCU-FDTMF Makati)
Privately-owned
What are the 4 Clinical Laboratories according to Service Capability?
- Primary Laboratory
- Secondary Laboratory
- Tertiary Laboratory
- Reference Laboratory
It is licensed to perform BASIC, ROUTINE, and LABORATORY TESTING.
Requirements include; microscopes, hematocrit centrifuge, centrifuge, and 10sqm
(e.g. routine analysis, CBC, and fecalysis)
Primary Laboratory
It is licensed to perform laboratory tests being done by the PRIMARY category along with ROUTINE CLINICAL CHEMISTRY.
Requirements include; personnel requirements depending on workload, primary lab, chemistry analyzers, autoclave, and 20sqm.
(e.g. blood glucose, cholesterol, creatinine/BUN, gram staining, KOH)
Secondary Laboratory
It is licensed to perform ALL LABORATORY TESTS performed in the PRIMARY and SECONDARY
Requirements include; serofuge, chemistry analyzers, blood bank, refrigerators, and 60sqm.
(e.g. immunology-serology, microbiology, and blood banking)
Tertiary Laboratory
It is a laboratory in a government hospital designated by the DOH to provide SPECIAL DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTIONS and services for certain diseases.
(e.g. referral for certain diseases, confirmatory, etc.)
National Reference Laboratory
It is the study of BLOOD and BLOOD DISORDERS.
These include blood and bone marrow
cells. Hematological tests can help
diagnose anemia, infection, hemophilia,
blood clotting disorders, and leukemia.
Hematology
It generally focuses on DIRECT PATIENT CARE, DIAGNOSING, and MANAGING hematologic diseases, especially cancers.
Hematologist
It is usually board-certified in BOTH ANATOMICAL and CLINICAL PATHOLOGY and has additional years of training in hematopathology.
Hematopathologist
It is known as NOT A COMMON TEST in general but is a common test for hematologists. It involves taking cells from the bone marrow for analysis for many types of disease.
Bone Marrow Biopsy
It section performs routine and special tests on patients’ URINE and FECAL SAMPLES.
Clinical Microscopy
It is a QUANTITATIVE SCIENCE that is concerned with the measurement of amounts of biologically important substances (called analytes) in body fluids.
Clinical Chemistry
Culture samples to determine if PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS are present in a specimen and determine the organism’s sensitivity to antibiotics.
Microbiology Section
Studies ANTIGENS and ANTIBODIES to
determine immunity to disease or
presence of disease.
Immunology and Serology
Determines COMPATIBILITY OF BLOOD and BLOOD PRODUCTS that are to be
administered to patients
Blood Banking
It is the DIAGNOSIS and STUDY OF DISEASE of the tissues and involves examining tissues and/or cells under a microscope.
Histopathology Section
