Introduction to Parasitology

Question 1

Organisms that live on and obtain their nutrients from another organism.

Answer 1

Parasite

Question 2

Organisms that harbor and provide sustenance for another organism.

Answer 2

Host

Question 3

Organisms that are beneficial to one and neutral to one another.

Answer 3

Commensal

Question 4

The parasite that has demonstrated the ability to cause disease.

Answer 4

Pathogenic

Question 5

What are the common components of parasitic life cycles?

Answer 5

1. Mode of transmission
2. Infective stage
3. Diagnostic stage

Question 6

A morphologic form that invades humans.

Answer 6

Infective stage

Question 7

One or more forms that can be detected via laboratory retrieval method.

Answer 7

Diagnostic stage

Question 8

The majority of infections of cestodes, trematodes, and intestinal protozoans.

Answer 8

Foodborne

Question 9

• Taenia solium
• Taenia saginata
• Diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 9

Larval stage —> Food

Question 10

• Entamoeba histolytica
• Giardia lamblia

Answer 10

Cysts —> Water

Question 11

• Clonorchis
• Opisthorchis
• Haplorchis spp

Answer 11

Larval stage —> Freshwater fish

Question 12

What are the two modes of transmission in skin penetration?

Answer 12

1. Exposure to soil
2. Exposure to water

Question 13

• Hookworm
• Strongyloides spp

Answer 13

Exposure to soil

Question 14

• Schistosoma spp

Answer 14

Exposure to water

Question 15

It can cross the placental barrier during pregnancy.

Answer 15

Congenital

Question 16

Example of the mode of transmission in Congenital

Answer 16

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 17

• Ancylostoma
• Strongoloides spp

Answer 17

Transmammary

Question 18

• Ascaris lumbrocoides
• Enterobius vermicularis

Answer 18

Inhalation

Question 19

• Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 19

Sexual intercourse

Question 20

Lack of sanitary toilets and the use of night soil or human excreta as fertilizer

Answer 20

Soil

Question 21

List of Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH)

Answer 21

• Hookworms
• Ascaris lumbrocoides
• Trichuris trichiura
• Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 22

May be contaminated with a cyst of amebae or flagellates, as well as cercariae of?

Answer 22

Schistosoma spp

Question 23

As exemplified by a number of trematode and cestode infections.

Answer 23

Food

Question 24

Intestinal and liver fluke infections

Answer 24

Freshwater fish

Question 25

Paragonimiasis

Answer 25

Crabs

Question 26

Artyfechnostomum malayanum

Answer 26

Bullastra snails

Question 27

Include another person, his beddings and clothing, as well as the immediate environment he has contaminated, or even one's self.

Answer 27

Contact transmitted

Question 28

The infected person himself is the source of the infection

Answer 28

Autoinfection

Question 29

Wild or domesticated, may also harbor parasites

Answer 29

Other animals

Question 30

Cats' sources of infection?

Answer 30

Toxoplasma

Question 31

Rat's sources of infection?

Answer 31

Hymenelopis nana

Question 32

Give one example of parasite prevention and control strategies.

Answer 32

- Use of protective clothing - Good personal hygiene

Question 33

In how many specimens is recommended to examine within a 10-day span?

Answer 33

3 specimens

Question 34

In how many minutes does the liquid specimen pass or be placed in preservative?

Answer 34

30 minutes

Question 35

In how many minutes does the soft specimen pass or be placed in preservative?

Answer 35

60 minutes | 1 hour

Question 36

In how many hours when formed stools place an aliquot in preservative and refrigerate the remainder?

Answer 36

24 hours

Question 37

Stool samples should collected a week after the intake of any of these drugs.

Answer 37

Intake of drugs / Medicines

Question 38

Give examples of intake drugs or medicines.

Answer 38

- Antacids - Anti-diarrheal - Barium - Bismuth - Laxatives

Question 39

It decreases the number of protozoans for several weeks.

Answer 39

Intake of antibiotics

Question 40

Formed stool

Answer 40

Thum-sized (2-5 grams)Wa

Question 41

Watery stool

Answer 41

5-6 tablespoons

Question 42

In how many minutes does trophozoite will die after passage?

Answer 42

30-60 minutes

Question 43

Does it ensure that parasites are present in the identifiable stage?

Answer 43

Preservation

Question 44

What degrees Celsius is acceptable in the temporary storage of fecal samples?

Answer 44

3-5 degrees Celsius

Question 45

In how many days that intestinal protozoa may be undetectable?

Answer 45

5-10 days

Question 46

In how many weeks does tetracycline modify intestinal flora and may prevent recovery after drug cessation?

Answer 46

2 weeks

Question 47

Early morning specimen is best and it is most commonly concentrated.

Answer 47

Sputum

Question 48

Early morning or 1st void

Answer 48

Urine

Question 49

Saline wet swabs

Answer 49

Genitalia

Question 50

Concentration procedures as well as preservatives: good for eggs larvae and amoebic cysts

Answer 50

Merthiolate-iodine-formalin (MIF)

Question 51

It is best for amoebic trophozoites: can prepare permanent stain slides from specimens preserved this way.

Answer 51

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

Question 52

Good for amoebic trophozoites environmentally safer than PVA.

Answer 52

Sodium Acetate-Acetic Acid-Formalin

Question 53

It is used for fresh stool samples good for trophs and cysts.

Answer 53

Schaudinn's Fluid

Question 54

What are the two types of concentration techniques?

Answer 54

1. Formalin-Ethyl Acetate Sedimentation 2. Zinc Sulfate Flotation Techniques

Question 55

What are the advantages of Formalin-Ethyl Acetate Sedimentation?

Answer 55

Can stay in formalin

Question 56

What are the disadvantages of Formalin-Ethyl Acetate Sedimentation?

Answer 56

More debris

Question 57

What are the advantages of Zinc Sulfate Flotation Techniques?

Answer 57

Not flammable

Question 58

What are the disadvantages of Zinc Sulfate Flotation Techniques?

Answer 58

Large eggs and operculated eggs are often missed

Question 59

Color of Blood | Iron

Answer 59

Black

Question 60

Color of barium or absence of bile

Answer 60

Light tan or White

Question 61

Easy to perform and most commonly used

Answer 61

Trichrome stain

Question 62

Use for blood smears

Answer 62

Giemsa stain and Wright stain

Question 63

Use to diagnose Cryptosporidium, Isopora, and Cyclospora

Answer 63

Acid Fast Stain

Question 64

Use to diagnose Microsporidiosis

Answer 64

Modified trichrome stain

Question 65

It can enhance detection of microfilarial sheath.

Answer 65

Iron Hematoxylin Stain

Question 66

Detects motility must use low lights

Answer 66

Saline

Question 67

It kills trophozoites; enhances nuclear material

Answer 67

Iodine