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PMTP 2 > Introduction to Parasitology > Flashcards

Introduction to Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Organisms that live on and obtain their nutrients from another organism.

A

Parasite

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2
Q

Organisms that harbor and provide sustenance for another organism.

A

Host

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3
Q

Organisms that are beneficial to one and neutral to one another.

A

Commensal

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4
Q

The parasite that has demonstrated the ability to cause disease.

A

Pathogenic

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5
Q

What are the common components of parasitic life cycles?

A
  1. Mode of transmission
  2. Infective stage
  3. Diagnostic stage
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6
Q

A morphologic form that invades humans.

A

Infective stage

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7
Q

One or more forms that can be detected via laboratory retrieval method.

A

Diagnostic stage

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8
Q

The majority of infections of cestodes, trematodes, and intestinal protozoans.

A

Foodborne

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9
Q
  • Taenia solium
  • Taenia saginata
  • Diphyllobothrium latum
A

Larval stage —> Food

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10
Q
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Giardia lamblia
A

Cysts —> Water

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11
Q
  • Clonorchis
  • Opisthorchis
  • Haplorchis spp
A

Larval stage —> Freshwater fish

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12
Q

What are the two modes of transmission in skin penetration?

A
  1. Exposure to soil
  2. Exposure to water
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13
Q
  • Hookworm
  • Strongyloides spp
A

Exposure to soil

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14
Q
  • Schistosoma spp
A

Exposure to water

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15
Q

It can cross the placental barrier during pregnancy.

A

Congenital

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16
Q

Example of the mode of transmission in Congenital

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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17
Q
  • Ancylostoma
  • Strongoloides spp
A

Transmammary

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18
Q
  • Ascaris lumbrocoides
  • Enterobius vermicularis
A

Inhalation

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19
Q
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
A

Sexual intercourse

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20
Q

Lack of sanitary toilets and the use of night soil or human excreta as fertilizer

A

Soil

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21
Q

List of Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH)

A
  • Hookworms
  • Ascaris lumbrocoides
  • Trichuris trichiura
  • Strongyloides stercoralis
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22
Q

May be contaminated with a cyst of amebae or flagellates, as well as cercariae of?

A

Schistosoma spp

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23
Q

As exemplified by a number of trematode and cestode infections.

A

Food

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24
Q

Intestinal and liver fluke infections

A

Freshwater fish

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25
Q

Paragonimiasis

A

Crabs

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26
Q

Artyfechnostomum malayanum

A

Bullastra snails

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27
Q

Include another person, his beddings and clothing, as well as the immediate environment he has contaminated, or even one’s self.

A

Contact transmitted

28
Q

The infected person himself is the source of the infection

A

Autoinfection

29
Q

Wild or domesticated, may also harbor parasites

A

Other animals

30
Q

Cats’ sources of infection?

A

Toxoplasma

31
Q

Rat’s sources of infection?

A

Hymenelopis nana

32
Q

Give one example of parasite prevention and control strategies.

A
  • Use of protective clothing
  • Good personal hygiene
33
Q

In how many specimens is recommended to examine within a 10-day span?

A

3 specimens

34
Q

In how many minutes does the liquid specimen pass or be placed in preservative?

A

30 minutes

35
Q

In how many minutes does the soft specimen pass or be placed in preservative?

A

60 minutes | 1 hour

36
Q

In how many hours when formed stools place an aliquot in preservative and refrigerate the remainder?

A

24 hours

37
Q

Stool samples should collected a week after the intake of any of these drugs.

A

Intake of drugs / Medicines

38
Q

Give examples of intake drugs or medicines.

A
  • Antacids
  • Anti-diarrheal
  • Barium
  • Bismuth
  • Laxatives
39
Q

It decreases the number of protozoans for several weeks.

A

Intake of antibiotics

40
Q

Formed stool

A

Thum-sized (2-5 grams)Wa

41
Q

Watery stool

A

5-6 tablespoons

42
Q

In how many minutes does trophozoite will die after passage?

A

30-60 minutes

43
Q

Does it ensure that parasites are present in the identifiable stage?

A

Preservation

44
Q

What degrees Celsius is acceptable in the temporary storage of fecal samples?

A

3-5 degrees Celsius

45
Q

In how many days that intestinal protozoa may be undetectable?

A

5-10 days

46
Q

In how many weeks does tetracycline modify intestinal flora and may prevent recovery after drug cessation?

A

2 weeks

47
Q

Early morning specimen is best and it is most commonly concentrated.

A

Sputum

48
Q

Early morning or 1st void

A

Urine

49
Q

Saline wet swabs

A

Genitalia

50
Q

Concentration procedures as well as preservatives: good for eggs larvae and amoebic cysts

A

Merthiolate-iodine-formalin (MIF)

51
Q

It is best for amoebic trophozoites: can prepare permanent stain slides from specimens preserved this way.

A

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

52
Q

Good for amoebic trophozoites environmentally safer than PVA.

A

Sodium Acetate-Acetic Acid-Formalin

53
Q

It is used for fresh stool samples good for trophs and cysts.

A

Schaudinn’s Fluid

54
Q

What are the two types of concentration techniques?

A
  1. Formalin-Ethyl Acetate Sedimentation
  2. Zinc Sulfate Flotation Techniques
55
Q

What are the advantages of Formalin-Ethyl Acetate Sedimentation?

A

Can stay in formalin

56
Q

What are the disadvantages of Formalin-Ethyl Acetate Sedimentation?

A

More debris

57
Q

What are the advantages of Zinc Sulfate Flotation Techniques?

A

Not flammable

58
Q

What are the disadvantages of Zinc Sulfate Flotation Techniques?

A

Large eggs and operculated eggs are often missed

59
Q

Color of Blood | Iron

A

Black

60
Q

Color of barium or absence of bile

A

Light tan or White

61
Q

Easy to perform and most commonly used

A

Trichrome stain

62
Q

Use for blood smears

A

Giemsa stain and Wright stain

63
Q

Use to diagnose Cryptosporidium, Isopora, and Cyclospora

A

Acid Fast Stain

64
Q

Use to diagnose Microsporidiosis

A

Modified trichrome stain

65
Q

It can enhance detection of microfilarial sheath.

A

Iron Hematoxylin Stain

66
Q

Detects motility must use low lights

A

Saline

67
Q

It kills trophozoites; enhances nuclear material

A

Iodine

PMTP 2 (14 decks)

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