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PMTP 2 > Sample Considerations and Special Procedures > Flashcards

Sample Considerations and Special Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

It is COLLECTED FROM A PATIENT in the morning before the patient has had breakfast and before any activities.

A

Fasting Sample

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2
Q

This indicates that the patient SHOULD NOT BE GIVEN ANYTHING TO DRINK OR EAT.

A

NPO (nulla per os)

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3
Q

After the blood is drawn on a patient with restrictions, the patient may be

A

Released from the restriction

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4
Q

To obtain patient fasting to ensure accuracy, some tests require diet restrictions.

A
  • No alcohol for a number of hours
  • Limitations on certain foods and medicines
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5
Q

Fill in the blanks:

The fasting test just drawn may be ___ of several tests for which the patient must remain fasting.

A

Only one

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6
Q

These EFFECTS may be exhibited where values in the patients vary throughout the day, such as serum iron, corticosteroid, and other hormones.

A

Diurnal Effect

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7
Q

It is a CORTISOL TEST drawn on a patient at 8:00 AM and then at 4:00 PM.

A

Common Diurnal Test

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8
Q

How many hours has DIURNAL EFFECT active on a person?

A

8 hours

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9
Q

What are the TYPES OF DRUGS that are monitored at a particular time of day?

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Coagulation Therapy Monitoring
  • Digoxin
  • Other types of drugs
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10
Q

This PROVIDES INFORMATION that will allow the dose given to the patient to be effective but not toxic.

A

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)

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11
Q

The PRESAMPLE COLLECTED when the drug is at the LOWEST LEVEL in the patient known as?

A

Trough Level (Predose)

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12
Q

How many minutes is TROUGH usually administered?

A

30 minutes

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13
Q

Once the drug has been COMPLETELY ADMINISTERED for a specific period, this one is collected.

It should be collected when the drug is at its HIGHEST LEVEL in the patient.

A

Peak Level (Postdose)

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14
Q

PEAK LEVEL should be collected when the drug is what?

A

The drug is at its highest level in the patient

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15
Q

The PEAK LEVEL should fall somewhere in?

A

Therapeutic Range

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16
Q

What are the other types of Aminoglycosides?

A
  • Amikacin
  • Gentamicin
  • Tobramycin
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17
Q

How many minutes does PREDOSE (Aminoglycosides) take?

A

30 minutes before infusion

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18
Q

How many minutes does POSTDOSE (Aminoglycosides) take?

A

5 minutes after 30 minutes infusion

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19
Q

How many minutes does PREDOSE (Vancomycin) take?

A

30 minutes before infusion

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20
Q

In what hour does POSTDOSE (Vancomycin) take?

A

1 hour after a 1-hour infusion

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21
Q

The draw times MAY BE OFF by, how many minutes?

A

10-15 minutes

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22
Q

It is ONE THE MOST VARIABLES order.

A

Stat

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23
Q

Stat testing on average takes the laboratory, how many minutes to complete after the sample is received?

A

45 minutes to 1 hour

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24
Q

Results of ASAP REQUESTS are typically available in what specific hours?

A

2-4 hours

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25
Q

Routine samples are typically collected during?

A

Early morning or next scheduled early evening collection

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26
Q

What are the FOUR TYPES OF SPECIAL COLLECTION TECHNIQUES for the accuracy of the procedures?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Chain of Custody
  • Heavy Metals
  • Therapeutic Phlebotomy
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27
Q

What SOLUTIONS ARE ACCEPTABLE?

A
  • Zephrin
  • Chloride
  • Soap
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
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28
Q

What SOLUTION IS NOT ACCEPTABLE?

A

Povidone-Iodine (Betadine)

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29
Q

ALCOHOL SWABBING of the phlebotomy site, even when allowed to dry, it contaminates what?

A
  • Blood samples
  • Falsely raises the alcohol level of the patient
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30
Q

It is WHERE THE RESULTS will possibly used in a court case.

The FORM INDICATES whom the person received the sample from, whom it was given to, and the length of time the person had the sample.

A

Chain of Custody

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31
Q

Why is the SAMPLE TRANSPORTED in a LOCKED BOX?

A
  • To prevent the possibility of switching or tampering with it
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32
Q

What is the COLOR OF the RUBBER STOPPER TUBE used in HEAVY METALS that may or may not contain anticoagulants?

A

Royal-blue stoppered tubes

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33
Q

ONE METHOD OF TREATING DISEASE is through the use of?

A

Therapeutic Phlebotomy

34
Q

What is the DISEASE that causes an increase in the NUMBER OF ERYTHROCYTES in a patient’s blood?

A
  • Hereditary Hemochromatosis
  • Polycythemia Vera
35
Q

How many mL amounts of blood should be taken at one treatment?

36
Q

This will needed for the MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION of the BLOOD.

A

Blood Smear

37
Q

The MOST COMMON BLOOD SMEAR that used for a COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC) differential.

A

Peripheral Smear

38
Q

Blood smears are also made for such tests.

A
  • Malarial Smear
  • Special Hematology Procedures
39
Q

What is the MOST COMMONLY MADE blood film?

A

Handmade wedge or thin slide

40
Q

It is PREFERRED TO MAKE THE SMEAR from capillary blood.

A

Malaria Diagnosis

41
Q

A SECOND THICK BLOOD FILM is often made when detecting?

A

Malaria Crisis

42
Q

It is a COMPLICATED DISEASE that may cause more complications for the patient than just an increased blood glucose level.

A

Diabetes Mellitus

43
Q

Multiple Choice:

Persons with diabetes mellitus often develop what complications?

A. Develop Blindness (retinopathy)
B. Kidney Damage (nephrology)
C. Heart Disease (cardiovascular disease)
D. Circulatory Problems
E. All of the above
F. None of the above

A

E. All of the above

44
Q

What is the SIGNAL that a person might have DIABETES MELLITUS?

A

Hyperglycemia

45
Q

True or False

The American Diabetes Association classifies diabetes as type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, or gestational diabetes.

46
Q

Multiple Choice:

  • This diabetes can develop at ANY AGE but usually first develops in CHILDREN and YOUNG ADULTS.
  • It was previously known as JUVENILE DIABETES.
  • This PERSON IS DEPENDENT ON INSULIN to maintain quality of life.

A. Type 1 Diabetes
B. Type 2 Diabetes
C. Prediabetes
D. None of the above

A

A. Type 1 Diabetes

47
Q

Multiple Choice:

  • It occurs when the patient’s BLOOD GLUCOSE IS HIGHER THAN NORMAL but NOT HIGH ENOUGH to be classified as diabetic.
  • It can be a WARNING SIGN for future diabetes in a patient
  • This patient can elevated BLOOD PRESSURE, LDL, CHOLESTEROL, TRIGLYCERIDES, and BMI.

A. Type 1 Diabetes
B. Type 2 Diabetes
C. Prediabetes
D. None of the above

A

C. Prediabetes

48
Q

Multiple Choice:

  • 95% of patients with diabetes
  • Most patients have HIGH GLUCOSE VALUES accompanied by HIGH INSULIN LEVELS.
  • These patients have FASTING PLASMA GLUCOSE LEVEL within normal limits but are unable to metabolize ingested glucose properly.

A. Type 1 Diabetes
B. Type 2 Diabetes
C. Prediabetes
D. None of the above

A

B. Type 2 Diabetes

49
Q

Multiple Choice:

The FIRST STEP MOST PHYSICIANS take in the diagnosis of diabetes is to draw fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from the patients.

A. Glucose Tolerance Test
B. Gestational Screen
C. Fasting Glucose
D. Postprandial Glucose Test

A

C. Fasting Glucose

50
Q

How do we know if the patients have diabetes?

A

If the Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) level is greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL.

51
Q

How do we know if the patients have prediabetes?

A

If the Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) level is greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL but less than 126 mg/dL.

52
Q

How do we know if the patients have normal diabetes?

A

If the Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) level is less than 70 to 100 mg/dL.

53
Q

Multiple Choice:

It DETECTS BORDERLINE DIABETES by measuring the patient’s ability to dispose of a large oral intake of glucose.

A. Glucose Tolerance Test
B. Gestational Screen
C. Fasting Glucose
D. Postprandial Glucose Test

A

A. Glucose Tolerance Test

54
Q

The Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) should performed in the morning after a what hour fast?

A

8 to 16 hours

55
Q

If the AMOUNT given is adjusted depending on the weight of the child. The calculations for this are shown in the box titled.

A

The Calculation for a Child’s Dose of Glucose Drink

56
Q

It is an ALTERNATIVE METHOD to the Fasting Glucose in determining if a patient has diabetes.

A

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

57
Q

Multiple Choice:

  • It is a CASE OF DIABETES that has developed during a woman’s pregnancy, usually at around 28 weeks or later.
  • This type of diabetes is NOT PERMANENT

A. Glucose Tolerance Test
B. Gestational Diabetes
C. Fasting Glucose
D. Postprandial Glucose Test

A

B. Gestational Diabetes

58
Q

The Gestational tolerance is usually completed over, what hours?

59
Q

This is caused by the OVERPRODUCTION OF INSULIN by the body.

A

Hyperinsulinemia

60
Q

Multiple Choice:

This is USED AS A SCREENING TEST after a patient has shown elevated levels of fasting blood glucose

A. Glucose Tolerance Test
B. Gestational Diabetes
C. Fasting Glucose
D. Postprandial Glucose Test

A

D.Postprandial Glucose Test

61
Q

Consider the following;

Statement 1: A healthy patient’s blood glucose is not elevated 2 hours after a meal.
Statement 2: A patient with diabetes has an elevated glucose level 2 hours after a meal.

A. Statement 1 is correct, Statement 2 is incorrect
B. Statement 1 is incorrect, Statement 2 is correct
C. Both statements are correct
D. Both statements are incorrect

A

C. Both statements are correct

62
Q

The hemoglobin A1c measures the average blood glucose over what months?

A

2 to 3 months

63
Q

All testing of patients is NOT DONE with glucose as the sugar.

A

Xylose Tolerance

64
Q

It is the TIME it takes a standardized incision to stop bleeding.

A

Bleeding Times

65
Q

A SINGLE-INCISION DEVICE called?

66
Q

It is COLLECTED whenever it is suspected that a patient has SEPTICEMIA.

A

Blood Culture

67
Q

It is a CONDITION in which microorganisms circulate and multiply in the patient’s blood.

A

Septicemia

68
Q

Consider the following;

Statement A: The blood cultures are drawn in sets of two bottles
Statement B: One bottle is an aerobic bottle for microorganisms that need oxygen to grow
Statement C: The second bottle is an anaerobic bottle for the microorganisms requiring an environment without oxygen

A. Only 1 statement is correct
B. Only 2 statement is correct
C. All of these statements are correct
D. All of these statements are incorrect

A

C. All of these statements are correct

69
Q

Multiple Choice:

The TRADITIONAL METHOD of collecting blood cultures.

A. Direct-draw blood culture collection
B. Syringe blood culture collection
C. Butterfly blood culture collection
D. Indirect inoculation blood culture collection

A

B. Syringe blood culture collection

70
Q

Multiple Choice:

Certain BLOOD CULTURE bottles DO NOT INTO FIT a standard evacuated tube holder.

A. Direct-draw blood culture collection
B. Syringe blood culture collection
C. Butterfly blood culture collection
D. Indirect inoculation blood culture collection

A

C. Butterfly blood culture collection

71
Q

Multiple Choice:

Instead of USING SYRINGES to draw the blood and inoculate the bottles.

A. Direct-draw blood culture collection
B. Syringe blood culture collection
C. Butterfly blood culture collection
D. Indirect inoculation blood culture collection

A

A. Direct-draw blood culture collection

72
Q

Multiple Choice:

A method of the BLOOD CULTURE MEDIA is done by using an ISOLATOR COLLECTION TUBE.

A. Direct-draw blood culture collection
B. Syringe blood culture collection
C. Butterfly blood culture collection
D. Indirect inoculation blood culture collection

A

D. Indirect inoculation blood culture collection

73
Q

It uses a Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) given as an INTRADERMAL INJECTION to screen a patient for possible exposure to tuberculosis.

A

Tuberculin Skin Test

74
Q

This is a HARD, RED SPOT that is the result of lymphocytes migrating to the injection site.

A

Induration

75
Q

It is THE MOST SAMPLE the patient needs to collect.

76
Q

Multiple Choice:

  • It can be used for urinalysis ONLY
  • Stable for 72hrs

A. Yellow Top Tube
B. Red/Yellow Top Tube
C. Gray Top Tube
D. Urine Cup

A

B. Red/Yellow Top Tube

77
Q

Multiple Choice:

  • Round bottom or conical bottom-stability varies depending on the test
  • NO preservative

A. Yellow Top Tube
B. Red/Yellow Top Tube
C. Gray Top Tube
D. Urine Cup

A

A. Yellow Top Tube

78
Q

Multiple Choice:

  • NOsamples should be pulled from this cup after TWO HOURS

A. Yellow Top Tube
B. Red/Yellow Top Tube
C. Gray Top Tube
D. Urine Cup

A

D. Urine Cup

79
Q

Multiple Choice:

  • It is used for URINE CULTURES
  • It offers the most accurate urine bacterial count
  • 48 hours stability

A. Yellow Top Tube
B. Red/Yellow Top Tube
C. Gray Top Tube
D. Urine Cup

A

C. Gray Top Tube

80
Q

It is the MUCUS and PHLEGM that a person will cough out from the lungs, bronchi, or trachea.

81
Q

It is USED to help evaluate GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS

82
Q

It is the MOST COMMON TEST completed on feces.

A

Guaiac Test

PMTP 2 (14 decks)

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