Introduction to Urinalysis

Question 1

What is the normal urine color?

Answer 1

Yellow

Question 2

It is a product of endogenous metabolism excreted by the body at a constant rate; responsible for the yellow color of urine.

Answer 2

Urochrome

Question 3

Color of dilute urine?

Answer 3

Pale yellow

Question 4

Color of concentrated urine?

Answer 4

Dark yellow

Question 5

A pink pigment that attaches to urates; common in refrigerated urine.

Answer 5

Uroerythrin

Question 6

Oxidation of urobilinogen causes an orange-brown color to unpreserved urine.

Answer 6

Urobilin

Question 7

Color of bilirubin urine?

Answer 7

Dark yellow/Orange/Amber

Question 8

It administered to UTI patients

Answer 8

Phenazopyridine or azo-Gantrisin

Question 9

What is the RBC acidic urine color when hemoglobin oxidizes to methemoglobin?

Answer 9

Brown

Question 10

It is due to skeletal muscle breakdown

Answer 10

Myoglobin

Question 11

What does porphobilinogen oxidize?

Answer 11

Porphyrins

Question 12

Red urine when clear can cause

Answer 12

• Hemoglobinuria (red plasma)
• Myoglobinuria (clear plasma)

Question 13

Red urine when cloudy can cause

Answer 13

Hematuria (presence of red blood cells)

Question 14

What is the color of urine in the presence of melanin or homogentisic acid?

Answer 14

Black color

Question 15

What are the medications for urine that color black?

Answer 15

• Levodopa
• Methyldopa
• Phenol derivatives
• Metronidazole

Question 16

What is the color of urine in the presence of pseudomonas infection?

Answer 16

Blue-green

Question 17

What are the medications for urine that color blue-green?

Answer 17

• Methocarbamol
• Methylene blue
• Amitriptyline

Question 18

What is the color of urine in the presence of indican?

Answer 18

Purple staining

Question 19

Bacterial infection is due to?

Answer 19

Klebsiella or Providencia species

Question 20

What is the normal clarity of urine?

Answer 20

Clear

Question 21

Density; SG = 1.010

Answer 21

Isothenuric

Question 22

Density; SG < 1.010

Answer 22

Hyposthenuric

Question 23

Density; SG > 1.010

Answer 23

Hypersthenuric

Question 24

It determines the concentration of dissolved particles by measuring the refractive index.

Answer 24

Refractometer

Question 25

How many drops does the refractometer to urine?

Answer 25

1-2 drops

Question 26

This technique used for the chemical analysis of urine

Answer 26

Reagent strip technique

Question 27

What is the normal pH?

Answer 27

pH 4.5 to 8.0

Question 28

What is the pH when slightly acidic?

Answer 28

pH 5.0 to 6.0

Question 29

Red to yellow at pH 4.0 to 6.0?

Answer 29

Methyl red

Question 30

Yellow to blue at pH 6.0 to 9.0?

Answer 30

Bromthymol blue

Question 31

This pH parameter of the body is regulated by the kidneys and lungs through hydrogen secretion and reabsorption of bicarbonate from the filtrate in the convoluted tubules.

Answer 31

Acid-base content

Question 32

It is often associated with early renal disease; and requires additional tests to determine if normal or pathologic.

Answer 32

Proteinuria

Question 33

What is the normal protein range?

Answer 33

<10mg/dL or 100mg/24hr excreted

Question 34

What are the protein error indicators?

Answer 34

- Tetrabromphenol blue - Tetrachlorophenol - Tetrabromosulfonphthalein

Question 35

It is used for confirmatory tests for protein in urine.

Answer 35

Sulfosalycyclic acid

Question 36

Most frequently performed due to diabetes detection and monitoring.

Answer 36

Glucose

Question 37

One of the earliest methods of detecting glucose in the urine.

Answer 37

Copper reduction test

Question 38

It employs Benedict's test principle to detect glucose.

Answer 38

Clinitest tablet

Question 39

This enzyme reaction colors green to brown

Answer 39

Potassium iodide

Question 40

This enzyme reaction colors yellow to green

Answer 40

Tetramethylbenzidine

Question 41

It is detected in the urine once fats are metabolized for energy due to the inability to metabolize carbohydrates.

Answer 41

Ketones

Question 42

It detects Hematuria and Hemoglobinuria.

Answer 42

Blood

Question 43

It is the appearance in the urine that can indicate bilirubinuria; also an early indication of liver disease.

Answer 43

Bilirubin

Question 44

What principle reaction does bilirubin have? A. Ehrlich reaction B. Diazo reaction C. Sodium nitroprusside reaction D. Pseudoperoxidase reaction

Answer 44

B. Diazo reaction

Question 45

What principle reaction does blood have? A. Ehrlich reaction B. Diazo reaction C. Sodium nitroprusside reaction D. Pseudoperoxidase reaction

Answer 45

D. Pseudoperoxidase reaction

Question 46

What principle reaction does ketones have? A. Ehrlich reaction B. Diazo reaction C. Sodium nitroprusside reaction D. Pseudoperoxidase reaction

Answer 46

C. Sodium nitroprusside reaction

Question 47

This product of reduction of bilirubin by intestinal bacteria once it is excreted into the intestine.

Answer 47

Urobilinogen

Question 48

What principle reaction does urobilinogen have? A. Ehrlich reaction B. Diazo reaction C. Sodium nitroprusside reaction D. Pseudoperoxidase reaction

Answer 48

A. Ehrlich reaction

Question 49

It is a rapid screening test for UTI; detection of bacteriuria to prevent serious complications.

Answer 49

Nitrite

Question 50

What principle reaction does nitrite have?

Answer 50

Greiss reaction

Question 51

What is the positive result of Nitrite?

Answer 51

Any shade of pink in the reagent strip

Question 52

It is more standardized for leukocyte detection and is an indicator of UTI.

Answer 52

Leukocyte Esterase

Question 53

What is the longest reading time of leukocyte esterase?

Answer 53

2 minutes

Question 54

It minimizes external contamination.

Answer 54

Midstream clean-catch

Question 55

What would be the specimen volume in preparation?

Answer 55

It should be 10-15mL

Question 56

In how many minutes is the urine specimen centrifugal?

Answer 56

5 minutes