The Circulatory System

Question 1

Do single celled organisms need a circulatory system?

Answer 1

nope, they just use diffusion in order to get the materials they need

Question 2

What do multicellular organisms need need the circulatory system to transport?

Answer 2

nutrients and O2

Question 3

What does the circulatory system regulate?

Answer 3

hormones and body temp

Question 4

What does the circulatory system protect from?

Answer 4

wounds and pathogens

Question 5

What is the most common element of blood?

Answer 5

erythrocytes

Question 6

What are erythrocytes?

Answer 6

red blood cells

Question 7

What are leukocytes?

Answer 7

white blood cells (immune cells)

Question 8

What are platelets?

Answer 8

cell fragments

Question 9

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 9

help with blood clotting

Question 10

How much of your blood is made up of plasma?

Answer 10

55% (mostly water)

Question 11

How much of your blood is made up of erythrocytes?

Answer 11

45%

Question 12

How much of your blood is made up of leukocytes?

Answer 12

less than 1%

Question 13

How much of your blood is made up of platelets?

Answer 13

less than 1%

Question 14

What is different about erythrocytes when compared to regular cells?

Answer 14

they don’t have organelles

Question 15

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 15

the synthesis of erythrocytes

Question 16

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 16

in the bone marrow

Question 17

Are red blood cells aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 17

anaerobic (ONLY do glycolysis)

Question 18

How many days do red blood cells live for?

Answer 18

120 days

Question 19

What is the main function of red blood cells?

Answer 19

bind and transport O2 with their hemoglobin

Question 20

What happens when blood O2 levels drop (in terms of hormones)?

Answer 20

1. kidney activates the production of EPO
2. EPO stimulates stem cells to produce more red blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 21

Why is injecting EPO harmful?

Answer 21

this increases production of red blood cells and this leads to thicker blood, which then leads to clotting problems

Question 22

How many chambers of the heart do fish have?

Answer 22

2

Question 23

What are the two chambers that fish have?

Answer 23

1 ventricle and 1 atria

Question 24

What is a pulmonary circuit?

Answer 24

path of blood circulation between heart and lungs

Question 25

How does a fish breathe?

Answer 25

1. the deoxygenated blood leaves the heart and travels to the gills where it picks up O2 2. then, the blood travels throughout the body and it is brought back to the heart

Question 26

Do fish have a pulmonary circuit?

Answer 26

nope, they breathe through gills

Question 27

How many chambers do amphibians have?

Answer 27

3 chambered hearts

Question 28

Why did amphibians need 3 chambered hearts compared to fish?

Answer 28

amphibians needed to live on land where O2 is harder to get compared to the water where fish live

Question 29

What are the 3 chambers in amphibian hearts?

Answer 29

1 ventricle and 2 atria

Question 30

What is the drawback with 3 chambered hearts?

Answer 30

since there's only one ventricle, there's a mixing of oxygen and deoxygenated blood

Question 31

Do amphibians have lungs?

Answer 31

yes !

Question 32

How do amphibians breathe?

Answer 32

1. deoxygenated blood travels to the heart and then to the lung to get O2 2. the blood then comes back to the heart and then goes to the rest of the body

Question 33

What is unique about reptiles and their hearts?

Answer 33

they have a complete or incomplete septum separating the ventricles

Question 34

How many chambers does the mammalian heart have?

Answer 34

4 chambers

Question 35

Do birds have 4 chambered hearts?

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

What are the 4 chambers?

Answer 36

left and right ventricle and atria

Question 37

What problem did we fix by having 4 chambers?

Answer 37

mixing of blood

Question 38

What is the reason we're warm blooded?

Answer 38

because we have 4 chambers and need lots of O2 to stay warm

Question 39

Do dinosaurs have 4 chambered hearts?

Answer 39

yes, some do and they are theorized to be warm blooded!

Question 40

What do arteries do?

Answer 40

carry blood away from the heart to the rest of your body (typically O2 rich)

Question 41

What do veins do?

Answer 41

carry blood to the heart from the rest of your body (typically O2 poor)

Question 42

What do capillaries do?

Answer 42

small blood vessels where O2 is delivered to organs and CO2 is picked up

Question 43

What chambers of the heart does deoxygenated blood go to?

Answer 43

right atrium and ventricle

Question 44

What chambers of the heart does oxygenated blood go to?

Answer 44

left atrium and ventricle

Question 45

Be able to trace blood flow through the heart and know parts of the heart relevant to this pathway!

Answer 45

got it!

Question 46

What are arterioles?

Answer 46

connectors between arteries and capillaries

Question 47

What are capillaries?

Answer 47

small blood vessels that are thin and leaky so they allow for O2 and nutrient drop off from the blood to the tissues

Question 48

How narrow are capillaries?

Answer 48

1 red blood cell wide

Question 49

What are capillaries also used in?

Answer 49

vasoconstriction for body temperature regulation

Question 50

What do plasma proteins do for capillaries?

Answer 50

protein stays in the capillaries (while fluid leaks out) and the proteins in the blood lead to osmotic pressure where water is then drawn back in by the proteins into the capillaries, so that the blood doesn't lose the water it needs with the fluids

Question 51

What are interstitial fluids?

Answer 51

fluids around cells (outside of capillaries)

Question 52

Why do arteries need to be thick?

Answer 52

they basically control blood pressure and so it needs to be thick and elastic for when heart pumps blood

Question 53

What are venules?

Answer 53

small veins that connect the veins to the capillaries

Question 54

Why are veins thinner and less elastic?

Answer 54

blood pressure doesn't really affect veins so they are able to be more rigid

Question 55

What is lymph?

Answer 55

excess plasma that leaks out of capillaries

Question 56

How does lymph travel?

Answer 56

it travels from lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymph nodes

Question 57

What is the venous pathway?

Answer 57

the pathways where lymph nodes dump fluids back to the heart

Question 58

Why do lymph nodes dump fluids back to the heart?

Answer 58

this helps maintain stable blood pressure and volume and it also helps against unnecessary blood clots

Question 59

What is the endothelium?

Answer 59

inner lining of blood vessels

Question 60

How do capillaries regulate blood temperature?

Answer 60

capillaries dilate, causing your body to feel warm to the touch (lots of blood flow), but constrict which decreases your body temperature

Question 61

Where is the sinoatrial node located?

Answer 61

the right atrium

Question 62

What does the sinoatrial node do?

Answer 62

this signals when the atria should constrict (or pump), this helps pump blood throughout the heart and helps with maintaining blood pressure

Question 63

What is systolic blood pressure?

Answer 63

pressure inside arteries when your heart is pumping

Question 64

What is diastolic blood pressure?

Answer 64

pressure inside arteries when heart is at rest

Question 65

What is an open circulatory system?

Answer 65

system that has no vessels to conduct blood flow

Question 66

What is the sinoatrial node?

Answer 66

the pace maker, it creates electrical impulses throughout the heart to regulate heartbeat and pumping of blood

Question 67

What happens when there's no oxygen?

Answer 67

hypoxia

Question 68

What is the pressure called when the heart is beating?

Answer 68

systolic

Question 69

What is the pressure called when the heart is at rest?

Answer 69

diastolic

Question 70

What layer is thicker in arteries?

Answer 70

tunica media (helps with changing vessel diameter)