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BIOLOGY > Organization of Animal Bodies and Homeostasis > Flashcards

Organization of Animal Bodies and Homeostasis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the zygote?

A
  1. endoderm: innermost layer
  2. mesoderm: middle layer
  3. ectoderm: outer layer
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2
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A
  1. epithelial
  2. connective
  3. muscle
  4. nerve
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3
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

everything that covers a surface that faces outside of the body

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4
Q

What germ layer does epithelial tissue come from?

A

any of the three layers

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5
Q

What is a single line of epithelial tissue called?

A

simple

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6
Q

What is multiple layers of epithelial tissue called?

A

stratified

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7
Q

What does a squamous epithelium mean?

A

squished

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8
Q

What does a cuboidal epithelium mean?

A

cube shaped

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9
Q

What does a columnar epithelium mean?

A

column like

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10
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body

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11
Q

What germ layer is connective tissue produced in?

A

mesoderm

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12
Q

What does connective tissue have to be embedded in?

A

matrix

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of connective tissue?

A

loose, dense, and special

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14
Q

What is loose connective tissue?

A

where fat cells are stored

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15
Q

What is dense connective tissue?

A

makes tendons

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16
Q

What is special connective tissue?

A

makes up blood, bone, and cartilage

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17
Q

What is muscle tissue?

A

tissue that is specialized for contractions

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18
Q

What two filaments help with contractions?

A

actin and myosin

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19
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissues?

A
  1. smooth
  2. skeletal
  3. cardiac
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20
Q

What is smooth muscle tissue?

A

controls involuntary movements

21
Q

What is skeletal muscle tissue?

A

controls voluntary movement

22
Q

What is cardiac muscle tissue?

A

heart tissue

23
Q

What is nerve tissue?

A

tissue that helps transmit electrical signals and make up supporting cells

24
Q

Do small organisms have a high surface area or small surface area?

A

high surface area

25
Q

Do small organisms have high or low metabolism?

A

high metabolism

26
Q

Do small animals suffer high or low heat loss?

A

high heat loss

27
Q

Do small organisms have low or high food intake, compared to body size?

A

high

28
Q

Do large organisms have high or small surface area?

A

small surface area

29
Q

Do large animals suffer high or low heat loss?

A

low

30
Q

Do large organisms have high or low metabolism?

A

low

31
Q

Do large organisms have low or high food intake, compared to body size?

A

less food intake

32
Q

What is radiation?

A

heat transfer from indirect contact

33
Q

What is conduction?

A

heat transfer from direct contact

34
Q

What is convection?

A

heat loss or gain from moving fluids or air

35
Q

What is evaporation?

A

heat loss from evaporation

36
Q

Does it take the same amount of ATP to run any human?

A

yes

37
Q

What do short and stocky organisms have as an advantage?

A

better heat retention

38
Q

What do tall and lanky organisms have as an advantage?

A

convection increase, more heat is released

39
Q

What is the equation for body heat?

A

heat produced-heat transferred

40
Q

What happens to enzymes from it is too cold?

A

thy can’t function fast enough

41
Q

What happens to enzymes when it is too hot?

A

denaturing

42
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

body works to bring back to the norm

43
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

body works to increase differences from the norm

44
Q

What is the stimulus in feedback loops?

A

the thing that is changing that triggers the loop

45
Q

What is the sensor in feedback loops?

A

something in your body that senses the deviation

46
Q

What is the integrating center in feedback loops?

A

something that compares the deviation to the normal

47
Q

What is the effector in feedback loops?

A

something that takes actions to bring the normal back

48
Q

What is the response?

A

the outcome because of the actions taken by the effector

BIOLOGY (18 decks)

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