Organization of Animal Bodies and Homeostasis Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of the zygote?
- endoderm: innermost layer
- mesoderm: middle layer
- ectoderm: outer layer
What are the 4 types of tissues?
- epithelial
- connective
- muscle
- nerve
What is epithelial tissue?
everything that covers a surface that faces outside of the body
What germ layer does epithelial tissue come from?
any of the three layers
What is a single line of epithelial tissue called?
simple
What is multiple layers of epithelial tissue called?
stratified
What does a squamous epithelium mean?
squished
What does a cuboidal epithelium mean?
cube shaped
What does a columnar epithelium mean?
column like
What is connective tissue?
supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body
What germ layer is connective tissue produced in?
mesoderm
What does connective tissue have to be embedded in?
matrix
What are the 3 types of connective tissue?
loose, dense, and special
What is loose connective tissue?
where fat cells are stored
What is dense connective tissue?
makes tendons
What is special connective tissue?
makes up blood, bone, and cartilage
What is muscle tissue?
tissue that is specialized for contractions
What two filaments help with contractions?
actin and myosin
What are the three types of muscle tissues?
- smooth
- skeletal
- cardiac
What is smooth muscle tissue?
controls involuntary movements
What is skeletal muscle tissue?
controls voluntary movement
What is cardiac muscle tissue?
heart tissue
What is nerve tissue?
tissue that helps transmit electrical signals and make up supporting cells
Do small organisms have a high surface area or small surface area?
high surface area
Do small organisms have high or low metabolism?
high metabolism
Do small animals suffer high or low heat loss?
high heat loss
Do small organisms have low or high food intake, compared to body size?
high
Do large organisms have high or small surface area?
small surface area
Do large animals suffer high or low heat loss?
low
Do large organisms have high or low metabolism?
low
Do large organisms have low or high food intake, compared to body size?
less food intake
What is radiation?
heat transfer from indirect contact
What is conduction?
heat transfer from direct contact
What is convection?
heat loss or gain from moving fluids or air
What is evaporation?
heat loss from evaporation
Does it take the same amount of ATP to run any human?
yes
What do short and stocky organisms have as an advantage?
better heat retention
What do tall and lanky organisms have as an advantage?
convection increase, more heat is released
What is the equation for body heat?
heat produced-heat transferred
What happens to enzymes from it is too cold?
thy can’t function fast enough
What happens to enzymes when it is too hot?
denaturing
What is negative feedback?
body works to bring back to the norm
What is positive feedback?
body works to increase differences from the norm
What is the stimulus in feedback loops?
the thing that is changing that triggers the loop
What is the sensor in feedback loops?
something in your body that senses the deviation
What is the integrating center in feedback loops?
something that compares the deviation to the normal
What is the effector in feedback loops?
something that takes actions to bring the normal back
What is the response?
the outcome because of the actions taken by the effector
