Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does sexual reproduction increase?

A

genetic diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Does asexual reproduction require meiosis or mitosis?

A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is parthenogenesis?

A

when females have the ability to make offspring from unfertilized egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Can some organisms do both sexual and asexual reproduction?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are hermaphrodites?

A

organisms that have functioning ovaries and testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are simultaneous hermaphrodites?

A

make both eggs and sperm at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are sequential hermaphrodites?

A

change sexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are protogynous?

A

organisms that start as female but become male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is are protandrous?

A

organisms that start as males but then become females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are three internal fertilization strategies?

A
  1. oviparous
  2. ovoviviparous
  3. viviparous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does oviparous mean?

A

egg fertilized inside body, but develops outside of body (think chicken laying eggs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does ovoviviparous mean?

A

fertilized eggs stay inside mother during development and gets food from eggs, BUT there is a live birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does viviparous mean?

A

young develop in mom and are fed by blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Do both male and female reproductive systems make LH and FSH?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is sperm made?

A

seminiferous tubules of testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is sperm and matured?

A

epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What carries sperm into the body?

A

vas deferens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do the seminal vesicles and bulbourethral gland do?

A

make fluids that sperm mixes with to get nutrients and make semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does semen exit?

A

through the urethra in the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

synthesis of sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Do sperm need to be cool or hot when developing in the testes?

A

cool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What cells support sperm?

A

sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are spermatocytes?

A

cell undergoing meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are spermatozoa?

A

mature sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many mature sperm are made in one cycle of meiosis?

A

4

26
Q

What are the 4 distinct sperm parts?

A
  1. head
  2. acrosome cap
  3. mitochondria
  4. flagella
27
Q

What is the acrosome cap?

A

it contains digestive enzymes that digest the outer coating of the ovum

28
Q

What cell does LH target in males?

A

the leydig cells

29
Q

Where are the leydig cells located?

A

in the testes

30
Q

What does LH do to leydig cells?

A

it tells the cells to secrete testosterone

31
Q

What does testosterone do to the anterior pituitary gland and stertoli cells?

A

it inhibits the GnRH stimulating the pituitary gland (so it stops further secretion of LH) and it stimulates the sertoli cells

32
Q

What is the role of testosterone?

A

maintains secondary sex characteristics

33
Q

What does FSH target in males?

A

sertoli cells

34
Q

Where are the sertoli located?

A

testes

35
Q

What does FSH do to sertoli cells?

A

triggers stertoli cells to secrete inhibin to inhibit anterior pituitary gland AND make sperms

36
Q

Do LH and FSH levels remain constant in males?

A

yes

37
Q

What does the ovary do?

A

gland that makes hormones and oocytes

38
Q

What is an oocyte?

A

cell in ovary that hasn’t undergone meiosis

39
Q

What is an ovum?

A

mature egg cell

40
Q

What is the fallopian tube?

A

transports egg to uterus

41
Q

What is the uterus?

A

where implantation will occur if egg is fertilized

42
Q

What is the cervix

A

muscle that holds uterus closed (opens when baby is about to be born)

43
Q

What is the vagina?

A

where sperm is deposited and this opens when baby is about to be born

44
Q

About how many eggs does a human fetus have?

A

1 M

45
Q

Why are oocytes held at arrest?

A

this happens because the individual has not reached puberty yet, when she does, LH will take the oocyte out of arrest

46
Q

What what stage are the oocytes held at arrest?

A

prophase 1

47
Q

What are graafian follicles?

A

the eggs that get to go through ovulation

48
Q

What are secondary oocytes?

A

eggs that come out of the ruptured follicle

49
Q

What is the corpus leutem?

A

the remainder of follicle left when secondary oocyte is released into the fallopian tube

50
Q

When does meiosis 2 happen?

A

ONLY if egg is fertilized by sperm

51
Q

What is ovulation?

A

when mature egg is released from the ovary

52
Q

What is the difference between ovum and secondary oocyte?

A

an ovum is a mature cell that undergoes meiosis 2 while oocyte is immature and doesn’t go through meiosis 2

53
Q

What is the role of FSH in the female reproductive organs?

A

stimulates growth of eggs and follicles in ovary

54
Q

Are larger eggs more or less dependent on FSH?

A

less dependent

55
Q

What does LH do in the female reproductive system?

A

triggers the release of egg from ovary and leads to the luteal phase

56
Q

What does the corpus lutem secrete and why?

A

progesterone and estrogen to prepare endometrium

57
Q

Why does the corpus lutem eventually die off?

A

because increased levels of progestrone and estrogen inhibits LH and FSH which the corpus luteum needs to survive

58
Q

How does menstruation occur?

A

corpus luteum stops sustaining endometrium (with progesterone and estrogen), the lining starts to shed

59
Q

What is proliferation?

A

when the endometrium starts building back up again

60
Q

What is secretion?

A

corpus lutem secretes estrogen and progesterone to thicken lining for implementation

BIOLOGY (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions