Plant Evolution Flashcards
What plants started off green plants?
chlorophytes
How did chlorophytes start off green plants?
by evolving chlorophyll
What did all land plants arise from?
charophyte
What was the major problem of plants that evolved from charophytes?
loss os water, so they needed a cuticle
What are bryophytes?
“land plants” that had no true roots and still needed to live in very moist areas
When was the successful colonization of land?
tracheophytes and everything after that
What made tracheophytes successful on land?
-vascular tissue
-stems, roots, and leaves
What were lycophytes and are they still here?
they were tracheophytes that were dominant in the carboniferous era, but are now extinct
What separated lycophytes from ferns and allies?
lycophytes had no true leaves, while ferns and allies did
What divides gametophyte dominant to sporophyte dominant?
everything before lycophytes are gametophyte dominant
Are gametophytes haploid or diploid?
haploid
What is the function of gametophytes?
make gametes (eggs and sperm)
How do gametophytes produce egg and sperm?
through mitosis
What does a fertilized egg develop into?
sporophyte
Are sporophytes haploid or diploid?
diploid
What is the function of sporophytes?
to make spores via meiosis
What are two types of seed plants?
angiosperms and gymnosperms
What are angiosperms?
plants in which the seeds are not covered
What are gymnosperms?
plants in which the seeds are covered
What are three benefits of seeds?
-protects embryo from harmful possibilities
-provides food for embryo
-allows for periods of dormancy
What is the difference between pollen and spores?
pollen is diploid, whereas spores are haploid
What is pollen?
contains male gametes needed for reproduction
What are spores?
asexual reproduction mechanism (basically plant babies)
How does pollination occur?
- get pollen (sperm) to female plant
- pollen tube goes down to the egg, and sperm goes down the tube
- the sperm and egg fuse and this causes fertilization
Where is sperm located?
in pollen
