Plant Evolution

Question 1

What plants started off green plants?

Answer 1

chlorophytes

Question 2

How did chlorophytes start off green plants?

Answer 2

by evolving chlorophyll

Question 3

What did all land plants arise from?

Answer 3

charophyte

Question 4

What was the major problem of plants that evolved from charophytes?

Answer 4

loss os water, so they needed a cuticle

Question 5

What are bryophytes?

Answer 5

“land plants” that had no true roots and still needed to live in very moist areas

Question 6

When was the successful colonization of land?

Answer 6

tracheophytes and everything after that

Question 7

What made tracheophytes successful on land?

Answer 7

-vascular tissue
-stems, roots, and leaves

Question 8

What were lycophytes and are they still here?

Answer 8

they were tracheophytes that were dominant in the carboniferous era, but are now extinct

Question 9

What separated lycophytes from ferns and allies?

Answer 9

lycophytes had no true leaves, while ferns and allies did

Question 10

What divides gametophyte dominant to sporophyte dominant?

Answer 10

everything before lycophytes are gametophyte dominant

Question 11

Are gametophytes haploid or diploid?

Answer 11

haploid

Question 12

What is the function of gametophytes?

Answer 12

make gametes (eggs and sperm)

Question 13

How do gametophytes produce egg and sperm?

Answer 13

through mitosis

Question 14

What does a fertilized egg develop into?

Answer 14

sporophyte

Question 15

Are sporophytes haploid or diploid?

Answer 15

diploid

Question 16

What is the function of sporophytes?

Answer 16

to make spores via meiosis

Question 17

What are two types of seed plants?

Answer 17

angiosperms and gymnosperms

Question 18

What are angiosperms?

Answer 18

plants in which the seeds are not covered

Question 19

What are gymnosperms?

Answer 19

plants in which the seeds are covered

Question 20

What are three benefits of seeds?

Answer 20

-protects embryo from harmful possibilities
-provides food for embryo
-allows for periods of dormancy

Question 21

What is the difference between pollen and spores?

Answer 21

pollen is diploid, whereas spores are haploid

Question 22

What is pollen?

Answer 22

contains male gametes needed for reproduction

Question 23

What are spores?

Answer 23

asexual reproduction mechanism (basically plant babies)

Question 24

How does pollination occur?

Answer 24

1. get pollen (sperm) to female plant
2. pollen tube goes down to the egg, and sperm goes down the tube
3. the sperm and egg fuse and this causes fertilization

Question 25

Where is sperm located?

Answer 25

in pollen