Plant Anatomy Flashcards
What are meristems?
plant stem cells
What do meristems divide by?
mitosis
What is primary growth?
growing taller
What are apical meristems?
primary meristems (at tips and roots)
What are the 3 primary meristems?
- protoderm
- procambium
- ground meristem
What is the protoderm meristem?
meristem that gives rise to dermal tissue
What is the ground meristem?
meristem that gives rise to ground tissue
What is the procambium meristem?
meristem that gives rise to vascular tissue
Where are “backup” meristems located?
in axillary buds (remain dormant until needed)
What are intercalary meristems?
primary meristems that add to internode length
What are lateral meristems?
meristems that influence diameter of a plant
What type of growth do lateral meristems participate in?
secondary growth
What are the two types of lateral meristems?
- vascular cambium
- cork cambium
What does cambium mean?
meristem
What does a vascular cambium do?
produces phloem outwards and xylem inwards
What does the cork cambium do?
forms outer cortex (cork)
What is suberin?
impermeable wax that cork cells have
What is the root system?
everything underground
What is the shoot system?
everything above ground
What is an internode?
distance between 2 nodes
What are the three types of plant tissues?
- dermal
- ground
- vascular
What cell components make up the dermal tissue?
- epidermis
- periderm
What are the three main components of the dermal tissue?
- cuticle
- guard cells
- trichomes
What is the function of dermal tissue?
protect and prevent water loss
What is ground tissue?
normal plant tissue (not vascular and not dermal)
What are the 3 cell components that make up ground tissue?
- parenchyma
- collenchyma
- sclerenchyma
What is the job of parenchyma?
photosynthesis
Is parenchyma alive at maturity?
yes
Where would you find parenchyma cells?
in leaves
What is the job of collenchyma cells?
to provide flexible support
Where would you find collenchyma cells?
in celery
Are collenchyma cells alive at maturity?
yes
What is the job of sclerenchyma cells?
to provide rigid support because of lignin
Where would you find sclerenchyma cells?
nutshells and skin of fruits
Are sclerenchyma cells alive at maturity?
no
What are the components of vascular tissue?
- xylem
- phloem
What is the function of vascular tissue?
transport water and sugar
What does the xylem do?
move water up a plant
What does phloem do?
move sugar and other nutrients up and down the plant
What are the two types of xylem?
vessels and tracheids
Are vessels and tracheids dead or alive at maturity?
dead
What are sieve tubes?
part of the phloem that helps the transportation of nutrients
What is the function of roots?
absorption of nutrients and anchoring
Where is the root epidermis located?
outside the root (with the root hairs)
What is the root cortex?
inside the epidermis and it holds the ground tissues
What is the endodermis?
inside the cortex, has suberin
Why does the endodermis have suberin and where is it located?
it is located between the casperian strip, it helps filter water and nutrients into the plant
What is the function of the root pericycle?
gives rise to branch roots
What does ephemeral mean?
plants that live and die in weeks
What does perennial mean?
plants that growth year after year
What does annual mean?
plants that live for a year
What does biennial mean?
plants that live for 2 years
What do biennial plants do the first year?
grow and store carbs
What do biennial plants do their second year?
use stored energy to reproduce
Is phloem part of bark?
yes
