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BIOLOGY > Plant Anatomy > Flashcards

Plant Anatomy Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are meristems?

A

plant stem cells

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2
Q

What do meristems divide by?

A

mitosis

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3
Q

What is primary growth?

A

growing taller

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4
Q

What are apical meristems?

A

primary meristems (at tips and roots)

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5
Q

What are the 3 primary meristems?

A
  1. protoderm
  2. procambium
  3. ground meristem
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6
Q

What is the protoderm meristem?

A

meristem that gives rise to dermal tissue

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7
Q

What is the ground meristem?

A

meristem that gives rise to ground tissue

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8
Q

What is the procambium meristem?

A

meristem that gives rise to vascular tissue

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9
Q

Where are “backup” meristems located?

A

in axillary buds (remain dormant until needed)

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10
Q

What are intercalary meristems?

A

primary meristems that add to internode length

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11
Q

What are lateral meristems?

A

meristems that influence diameter of a plant

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12
Q

What type of growth do lateral meristems participate in?

A

secondary growth

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13
Q

What are the two types of lateral meristems?

A
  1. vascular cambium
  2. cork cambium
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14
Q

What does cambium mean?

A

meristem

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15
Q

What does a vascular cambium do?

A

produces phloem outwards and xylem inwards

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16
Q

What does the cork cambium do?

A

forms outer cortex (cork)

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17
Q

What is suberin?

A

impermeable wax that cork cells have

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18
Q

What is the root system?

A

everything underground

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19
Q

What is the shoot system?

A

everything above ground

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20
Q

What is an internode?

A

distance between 2 nodes

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21
Q

What are the three types of plant tissues?

A
  1. dermal
  2. ground
  3. vascular
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22
Q

What cell components make up the dermal tissue?

A
  1. epidermis
  2. periderm
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23
Q

What are the three main components of the dermal tissue?

A
  1. cuticle
  2. guard cells
  3. trichomes
24
Q

What is the function of dermal tissue?

A

protect and prevent water loss

25
Q

What is ground tissue?

A

normal plant tissue (not vascular and not dermal)

26
Q

What are the 3 cell components that make up ground tissue?

A
  1. parenchyma
  2. collenchyma
  3. sclerenchyma
27
Q

What is the job of parenchyma?

A

photosynthesis

28
Q

Is parenchyma alive at maturity?

A

yes

29
Q

Where would you find parenchyma cells?

A

in leaves

30
Q

What is the job of collenchyma cells?

A

to provide flexible support

31
Q

Where would you find collenchyma cells?

A

in celery

32
Q

Are collenchyma cells alive at maturity?

A

yes

33
Q

What is the job of sclerenchyma cells?

A

to provide rigid support because of lignin

34
Q

Where would you find sclerenchyma cells?

A

nutshells and skin of fruits

35
Q

Are sclerenchyma cells alive at maturity?

A

no

36
Q

What are the components of vascular tissue?

A
  1. xylem
  2. phloem
37
Q

What is the function of vascular tissue?

A

transport water and sugar

38
Q

What does the xylem do?

A

move water up a plant

39
Q

What does phloem do?

A

move sugar and other nutrients up and down the plant

40
Q

What are the two types of xylem?

A

vessels and tracheids

41
Q

Are vessels and tracheids dead or alive at maturity?

A

dead

42
Q

What are sieve tubes?

A

part of the phloem that helps the transportation of nutrients

43
Q

What is the function of roots?

A

absorption of nutrients and anchoring

44
Q

Where is the root epidermis located?

A

outside the root (with the root hairs)

45
Q

What is the root cortex?

A

inside the epidermis and it holds the ground tissues

46
Q

What is the endodermis?

A

inside the cortex, has suberin

47
Q

Why does the endodermis have suberin and where is it located?

A

it is located between the casperian strip, it helps filter water and nutrients into the plant

48
Q

What is the function of the root pericycle?

A

gives rise to branch roots

49
Q

What does ephemeral mean?

A

plants that live and die in weeks

50
Q

What does perennial mean?

A

plants that growth year after year

51
Q

What does annual mean?

A

plants that live for a year

52
Q

What does biennial mean?

A

plants that live for 2 years

53
Q

What do biennial plants do the first year?

A

grow and store carbs

54
Q

What do biennial plants do their second year?

A

use stored energy to reproduce

55
Q

Is phloem part of bark?

A

yes

BIOLOGY (18 decks)

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