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BIOLOGY > Plant Signaling > Flashcards

Plant Signaling Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are phytochromes and chlorophylls?

A

pigments

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2
Q

What is the function of chlorophyll?

A

use light to harvest energy and run photosynthesis

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3
Q

What is the function of phytochrome?

A

uses light to signal plant growth mechanisms

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4
Q

What is photomorphogenesis?

A

non-directional light response

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5
Q

What is phototropism?

A

directional light response

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6
Q

Where do plants get red light?

A

sunlight

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7
Q

What is produced when plants are exposed to red light?

A

Pr

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8
Q

What is produced when plants are exposed to far red light?

A

pr and it is converted to Pfr

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9
Q

Is Pr active or inactive?

A

inactive

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10
Q

Is Pfr active or inactive?

A

active

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11
Q

What are long day plants?

A

plants that flower when the days are long

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12
Q

What are short day plants?

A

plants that flower when days are short

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13
Q

How do long day plants flower?

A
  1. Pfr is an activator that activates blooming
  2. for long day plants, there isn’t enough time to convert all of the pfr to pr, so this stimulates blooming
  3. this indicates an accumulation of Pfr
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14
Q

How do short day plants flower?

A
  1. pfr in this case is an INHIBITOR to growth
  2. during short day/long nights, more of the pfr is converted to pr
  3. since the inhibitor is not present, short day plants can flower
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15
Q

Why do plants grow towards blue light?

A

they absorb it

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16
Q

What does auxin do?

A

helps with phototropism by signaling lengthening of parts away from light to bend plant

17
Q

What is gravitropism?

A

growth of plants towards gravity (the ground)

18
Q

What does positively gravitropic mean?

A

roots grow with gravity

19
Q

What does negatively gravitropic mean?

A

shoots grow against gravity

20
Q

What do amyloplasts do?

A

help roots sink towards gravity

21
Q

What does auxin drive?

A

apical bud growth and lateral roots

22
Q

What does cytokinin drive?

A

apical root growth and axillary buds

23
Q

What does auxin inhibit?

A

axillary buds

24
Q

What does cytokinin inhibit?

A

lateral roots

25
Q

What does ethylene do?

A

ripens fruit and causes abscission

26
Q

What dies ABA do?

A

helps with seed dormancy and closing the stomata

27
Q

What hormone is ethylene triggered by?

A

auxin

28
Q

What does competency to flower mean?

A

sexual maturity

29
Q

What does phase change mean?

A

juvenile to adult phase

30
Q

What seasons do short day plants bloom?

A

spring and fall

31
Q

What seasons do long day plants bloom?

A

summer

32
Q

What is blooming determined by?

A

length of darkness

33
Q

What is vernalization?

A

stimulus of cold needed to bloom

BIOLOGY (18 decks)

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