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Neuro > The chemical senses > Flashcards

The chemical senses Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the taste organs?

A

Tongue
Cheeks
Soft palate
Pharynx
Epiglottis

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of lingual papillae?

A

Filiform
Foliate
Fungiform
Circumvallate

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3
Q

Structure and function of filiform

A

Spiked
- No taste buds
- Sense texture

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4
Q

Structure of foliate

A

Ridges

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5
Q

Structure of fungiform

A

Mushroom like

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6
Q

Structure of circumvallate

A

Large pimples
- Contain half of all taste buds

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7
Q

How does sensory transduction occur?

A

Taste pores allow sensory transduction via microvilli

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8
Q

Which taste sense use ion channels?

A

Salty - ENac
Sour - OTOP1

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9
Q

Which taste senses use G-protein coupled receptors?

A

Bitter - T2Rs
Sweet - T1R2 + T1R3
Umami - T1R1 + T1R3

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10
Q

How many types of stimuli do taste cells respond to?

A

1

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11
Q

How many types of stimuli do taste buds respond to?

A

Taste buds contain taste cells which respond to various stimuli

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12
Q

How big is the olfactory epithelium?

A

10cm2

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13
Q

What are the 3 components of the olfactory system?

A

Olfactory bulb
Olfactory cortex
Olfactory epithelium

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14
Q

What are olfactory receptor cells?

A

Bipolar chemoreceptive neruons

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15
Q

what happens to odorants in order to reach olfactory receptor cells?

A

Odorants must dissolve in the mucus layer

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16
Q

Why are olfactory receptor cells different to most adult neurons?

A

They are replaced regularly

17
Q

How many odorant receptors are expressed on 1 olfactory receptor?

A

1

18
Q

How does transduction occur via G olfs?

A

G olf ->
Adenylyl cyclase ->
cAMP ->
Cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels ->
Depolarisation ->
Ca2+ gated Cl- channels cause further depolarisation

19
Q

What can a large enough receptor potential cause?

A

Reaching the threshold to fire an ap

20
Q

How many olfactory receptors can each glomerulus receive input from?

A

1

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