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Neuro > Synapses and neurotransmitters 3 > Flashcards

Synapses and neurotransmitters 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is ChAt?

A

Choline acetyltransferase

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2
Q

What process is acetyl CoA produced in? In what structure?

A

Cellular respiration in mitochondria

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3
Q

What is the equation for the production of acetyl choline?

A

Acetyl CoA + Choline -> ACh
Via ChAt

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4
Q

What is an nAChRs?

A

An ACh gated Na+/Ca2+ channel

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5
Q

Where are nAChRs found?

A

At neuromuscular junctions in CNS

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6
Q

What are mAChRs?

A

G protein coupled receptors

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7
Q

How many types of mAChRs are there?

A

5 types :
M1 , M2, M3, M4, M5

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8
Q

What is M1,2&3 mAChRs mechanism of action?

A

Exitatory via Gq

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9
Q

What is M2&4 mAChRs mechanism of action?

A

Inhibitory via Gi/o

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10
Q

What AChRs are ionotropic?

A

nAChRs

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11
Q

What AChRs are metabotropic?

A

mAChRs

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12
Q

What happens when an ionotropic channel opens?

A

They allow a positive current into the cell which leads to depolarisation

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13
Q

What is the function of a junctional fold?

A

Concentrate receptors to the correct place

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14
Q

What drug blocks the release of acetylcholine?

A

Botulinum toxin

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15
Q

Describe the mechanism of the botulinum toxin

A

Prevent acetylcholine from reaching motor nerves and causes paralysis

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16
Q

What drugs blocks the release of AChE (acetylcholinesterase)?

A

Nerve gas
Organophosphate pseticides

17
Q

What is the equation for the production of acetic acid?

A

ACh -> Acetic acid + Choline
Via acetylcholinesterase

18
Q

Describe the mechanism of nerve gas

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibition causes Acetyl choline to build up ->
Leads to paralysis of the muscles and seizures in insects

19
Q

What drug activates ACh receptors?

A

Neonicotinoid pesticides
Muscarine
Nicotine

20
Q

What drugs block nAChRs?

A

Curare
Alpha bungarotoxin

21
Q

What drug block mAChRs?

A

Atropine

22
Q

Why is atropine used to treat nerve gas poisoning?

A

Atropine occupies mAChRs which reduces the effects of excess acetylcholine build up

23
Q

What are monoamine synthesised from?

A

Amino acids

24
Q

What molecule is serotonin synthesised from?

A

Tryptophan

25
Q

What packages monoamines into vesicles?

A

Vesicular monoamine transporters

26
Q

How are monoamine removed from the synaptic cleft?

A

They are taken up by monoamine specific re-uptake transporters

27
Q

How are monoamines destroyed?

A

Metabolised by MAO
Metabolised by COMT on postsynaptic cells for catecholamines

Neuro (25 decks)

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