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Neuro > Nervous system structure through development > Flashcards

Nervous system structure through development Flashcards

1
Q

At what day in development is the neural plate formed?

A

17 days

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2
Q

What is the neural crest formed from?

A

Pinched off bits of neural ectoderm from when the tube rolls up to form the neural groove.

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3
Q

Describe the formation of the neural tube

A

The neural ectoderm starts to fold and the walls of the neural groove (neural folds) fuse together

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4
Q

In which axis does the neural tube fold?

A

Dorsally

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5
Q

Where are the somites formed from?

A

The underlying mesoderm

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6
Q

What do the somites develop into?

A

33 individual vertebrae of the spinal column
Related skeletal muscles

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7
Q

What nerves innervate the skeletal muscles formed from the somites?

A

Somatic motor neurons

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8
Q

What is neurulation?

A

The process by which the neural plate becomes the neural tube

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9
Q

Why is it beneficial to take folic acid during pregnancy?

A

If the mother is deficient, the neural tube is more likely to fail to close properly

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10
Q

What is formed in the middle of the neural tube?

A

The ventricular system

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11
Q

What nervous system does the neural tube form?

A

The central nervous system

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12
Q

What nervous system does the neural crest form?

A

The peripheral nervous system

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13
Q

What neurons could form from the neural crest?

A

Neurons derived from the dorsal root ganglion cells:
- sensory neurons
- autonomic neurons

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14
Q

How can anencephaly (underdeveloped forebrain) occur?

A

When rostral closure of the neural tube doesn’t work

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15
Q

How can spina bifida occur?

A

When caudal closure of the neural tube doesn’t work

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16
Q

Mechanism of folic acid?

A

Affects the biosynthesis of DNA

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17
Q

What are the 3 primary brain vesicles formed after neurulation?

A

Prosencephalon or forebrain
Mesencephalon or midbrain
Rhombencephalon or hindbrain

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18
Q

Which axis do the 3 primary brain vesicles form from?

A

From Rostral to caudal

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19
Q

Where do the telencephalic vesicles develop from?

A

They develop from the prosencephalon

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20
Q

What do the telencephalic vesicles develop into?

A

The cerebral hemispheres

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21
Q

What are the optic vesicles developed from?

A

Prosencephalon

22
Q

What do the optic vesicles develop into?

A

Optic stalk and optic cup

23
Q

What does the optic stalk develop into?

A

The optic nerve

24
Q

What does the optic cup develop into?

A

The retina

25
Q

Function of the basal telencephalon?

A

Contains CNS nuclei that control emotion and fear regulation

26
Q

Where is the inner capsule located?

A

In the cortical white matter

27
Q

What is the function of the internal capsule?

A

Carries information from the cerebral cortex into the thalamus and beyond

28
Q

What does the olfactory bulb process?

A

Sense of smell

29
Q

What structures are in forebrain grey matter?

A

Cerebral cortex
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Basal telencephalon

30
Q

What structures are in forebrain white matter?

A

Corpus callosum
Cortical white matter
Internal capsule

31
Q

What ventricles are in the forebrain?

A

Lateral ventricles
Third ventricle

32
Q

What structures are in the midbrain?

A

Tectum
Tegmentum
Cerebral aqueduct

33
Q

Function of the cerebral aqueduct

A

Connects 3rd ventricle with 4th ventricle

34
Q

Function of superior colliculus?

A

Vision

35
Q

Where is the superior colliculus located?

A

The rostral midbrain

36
Q

Function of the periaqueductal grey?

A

Pain processing

37
Q

Where is the periaqueductal grey located?

A

Rostral midbrain

38
Q

Function of the red nucleus

A

Control of core muscles, evolutionary, controlled motor outputs prior to developed limbs

39
Q

Location of the red nucleus?

A

Rostral midbrain

40
Q

Function of substantia nigra?

A

Produces dopamine for movement

41
Q

Location of substantia nigra

A

Rostral midbrain

42
Q

Function of inferior colliculus

A

Auditory info

43
Q

Location of inferior colliculus

A

Caudal midbrain

44
Q

What is formed in the hindbrain?

A

Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum

45
Q

Function of vestibulocerebellum

A

Balance, stability of head on the body

46
Q

Function of the spinocerebellum

A

coordination of movement and maintenance of muscle tone

47
Q

Function of cerebrocerebellum

A

Planning movements and motor learning

48
Q

Function of cerebellum

A

Coordination of movement
Balance
Posture

49
Q

What % of CNS volume is the cerebellum?

A

10%

50
Q

What % of CNS neurons is contained in the cerebellum?

A

50%

Neuro (25 decks)

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