Nervous system structure through development

Question 1

At what day in development is the neural plate formed?

Answer 1

17 days

Question 2

What is the neural crest formed from?

Answer 2

Pinched off bits of neural ectoderm from when the tube rolls up to form the neural groove.

Question 3

Describe the formation of the neural tube

Answer 3

The neural ectoderm starts to fold and the walls of the neural groove (neural folds) fuse together

Question 4

In which axis does the neural tube fold?

Answer 4

Dorsally

Question 5

Where are the somites formed from?

Answer 5

The underlying mesoderm

Question 6

What do the somites develop into?

Answer 6

33 individual vertebrae of the spinal column
Related skeletal muscles

Question 7

What nerves innervate the skeletal muscles formed from the somites?

Answer 7

Somatic motor neurons

Question 8

What is neurulation?

Answer 8

The process by which the neural plate becomes the neural tube

Question 9

Why is it beneficial to take folic acid during pregnancy?

Answer 9

If the mother is deficient, the neural tube is more likely to fail to close properly

Question 10

What is formed in the middle of the neural tube?

Answer 10

The ventricular system

Question 11

What nervous system does the neural tube form?

Answer 11

The central nervous system

Question 12

What nervous system does the neural crest form?

Answer 12

The peripheral nervous system

Question 13

What neurons could form from the neural crest?

Answer 13

Neurons derived from the dorsal root ganglion cells:
- sensory neurons
- autonomic neurons

Question 14

How can anencephaly (underdeveloped forebrain) occur?

Answer 14

When rostral closure of the neural tube doesn’t work

Question 15

How can spina bifida occur?

Answer 15

When caudal closure of the neural tube doesn’t work

Question 16

Mechanism of folic acid?

Answer 16

Affects the biosynthesis of DNA

Question 17

What are the 3 primary brain vesicles formed after neurulation?

Answer 17

Prosencephalon or forebrain
Mesencephalon or midbrain
Rhombencephalon or hindbrain

Question 18

Which axis do the 3 primary brain vesicles form from?

Answer 18

From Rostral to caudal

Question 19

Where do the telencephalic vesicles develop from?

Answer 19

They develop from the prosencephalon

Question 20

What do the telencephalic vesicles develop into?

Answer 20

The cerebral hemispheres

Question 21

What are the optic vesicles developed from?

Answer 21

Prosencephalon

Question 22

What do the optic vesicles develop into?

Answer 22

Optic stalk and optic cup

Question 23

What does the optic stalk develop into?

Answer 23

The optic nerve

Question 24

What does the optic cup develop into?

Answer 24

The retina

Question 25

Function of the basal telencephalon?

Answer 25

Contains CNS nuclei that control emotion and fear regulation

Question 26

Where is the inner capsule located?

Answer 26

In the cortical white matter

Question 27

What is the function of the internal capsule?

Answer 27

Carries information from the cerebral cortex into the thalamus and beyond

Question 28

What does the olfactory bulb process?

Answer 28

Sense of smell

Question 29

What structures are in forebrain grey matter?

Answer 29

Cerebral cortex Thalamus Hypothalamus Basal telencephalon

Question 30

What structures are in forebrain white matter?

Answer 30

Corpus callosum Cortical white matter Internal capsule

Question 31

What ventricles are in the forebrain?

Answer 31

Lateral ventricles Third ventricle

Question 32

What structures are in the midbrain?

Answer 32

Tectum Tegmentum Cerebral aqueduct

Question 33

Function of the cerebral aqueduct

Answer 33

Connects 3rd ventricle with 4th ventricle

Question 34

Function of superior colliculus?

Answer 34

Vision

Question 35

Where is the superior colliculus located?

Answer 35

The rostral midbrain

Question 36

Function of the periaqueductal grey?

Answer 36

Pain processing

Question 37

Where is the periaqueductal grey located?

Answer 37

Rostral midbrain

Question 38

Function of the red nucleus

Answer 38

Control of core muscles, evolutionary, controlled motor outputs prior to developed limbs

Question 39

Location of the red nucleus?

Answer 39

Rostral midbrain

Question 40

Function of substantia nigra?

Answer 40

Produces dopamine for movement

Question 41

Location of substantia nigra

Answer 41

Rostral midbrain

Question 42

Function of inferior colliculus

Answer 42

Auditory info

Question 43

Location of inferior colliculus

Answer 43

Caudal midbrain

Question 44

What is formed in the hindbrain?

Answer 44

Pons Medulla Cerebellum

Question 45

Function of vestibulocerebellum

Answer 45

Balance, stability of head on the body

Question 46

Function of the spinocerebellum

Answer 46

coordination of movement and maintenance of muscle tone

Question 47

Function of cerebrocerebellum

Answer 47

Planning movements and motor learning

Question 48

Function of cerebellum

Answer 48

Coordination of movement Balance Posture

Question 49

What % of CNS volume is the cerebellum?

Answer 49

10%

Question 50

What % of CNS neurons is contained in the cerebellum?

Answer 50

50%