The brain Flashcards
What are the 3 types of cerebral cortex?
Neocortex
Hippocampus
Olfactory cortex
What cortex of the brain is only present in mammals?
The neocortex
Function of the olfactory cortex
Receives sensory information
Function of the hippocampus
Memory processing
Location of the hippocampus
Found in each temporal lobe
What are the subsections found in the neocortex?
Frontal lobe
Lateral sulcus
Central sulcus
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
What does the central sulcus separate?
Frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
Location of lateral sulcus
In the temporal lobe
Name the 6 layers of the neocortex
Molecular
Extr Granular
Extr Pyramidal
Intr Granular
Intr Pyramidal
Fusiform layer
What is a golgi stain used for?
Randomly stains neurons with silver chromate
- Sows dendrites
What is a toluidine blue stain used for?
Show cells bodies
What is wiegert pal stain used for?
Stains myelin
What 2 ways can the neocortex be mapped?
Broadman’s cytoarchitectural map
Using lesions or direct stimulation
Name 3 types of non-invasive functional imaging and their mechanisms
PET (blood flow)
fMRI (blood flow)
EEG (electrical activity)
What can be seen in the lateral view in the neocortex?
Primary sensory areas (visual and auditory)
Secondary sensory areas
Motor areas
What can be seen in the medial view in the neocortex?
Limbic lobe
Cortex of cingulate gyrus
Cortex on medial aspect of temporal lobe
Hippocampus
What structure is hidden in the neocortex?
The insula
What is in the basal forebrain?
Basal ganglia
Amygdala
What do the commissural fibres connect?
Between the hemispheres
What do the projection fibres link?
Non cortical areas
What do the association fibres link?
Areas within the hemisphere
What is an example of a structure through which a large amount of commissural fibres project
Corpus callosum
What is the caudal forebrain formed from the neural tube?
Diencephalon
Define a nucleus
A group of neuronal cell bodies which perform the same function
How does the thalamus connect to the neocortex?
Via projection fibres
Define a relay station
Nuclei that feed info into many different sections of the brain
Function of the thalamus
Relay station
Connects neocortex to many different CNS regions
How many nuclei are in the thalamus?
50
How many major nuclei are in the hypothalamus?
11 major nuclei
Function of the hypothalamus
Master regulator of homeostasis
Controls motivated behaviours
Location of the hypothalamus
Below the thalamus, around the 3rd ventricle
How does the hypothalamus link the body to the mind?
Via ANS and pituitary
Describe the axons that project through the corpus callosum and the internal capsule
Projection fibres
Commissural fibres
