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Neural Processes > The Cerebrum: Cerebral Function > Flashcards

The Cerebrum: Cerebral Function Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal Lobe Areas

A
  • prefrontal cortex
  • frontal eye fields
  • Broca’s area
  • premotor cortex
  • primary motor cortex
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2
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

(Frontal)
involved with:
cognition
executive control
decision making
personality
social behavior

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3
Q

Prefrontal cortex damage

A

Depressive or Manic profiles
(mutism vs. confabulation)
(Hyposexuality vs. Hypersexuality)

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4
Q

Frontal Eye Fields

A

(Frontal)
- controls eye movement
- damage: eye deviate to side of injury
- uncertainty and hope

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5
Q

Broca’s Area

A

(Frontal)
- involved in interpretation of language (syntax) and planning/programming verbal responses

  • coordination of speech organs for language production
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6
Q

Premotor Cortex

A

(Frontal)
- selecting & planning motor movements
- supplementary motor area involved in sequencing motor plans

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7
Q

Damage to premotor cortex

A

Apraxia – loss of ability to voluntarily move

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8
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

(Frontal)
- sends motor plans to muscles for them to act (speech muscles)
- mapped to form homunculus

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9
Q

Parietal Lobe areas

A
  • Primary sensory cortex
  • Somatosensory association cortex
  • angular gyrus
  • supra marginal gyrus
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10
Q

Primary Sensory Cortex

A

(Parietal) homunculus present
- processes somatosensory info: vibration, proprioception, touch, stereogensis

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11
Q

Somatosensory association cortex

A

(Parietal)
- interprets sensory experience during motor movements
- used to refine motor action
- involved in fine movements associated with speech

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12
Q

Angular gyrus

A

(Parietal)
- involved in reading & math
- understanding metaphors & sense of embodiment

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13
Q

Damage to angular gyrus

A

Alexia (inability to comprehend written language)
Acalculia (loss of ability to preform simple arithmetic calculation)

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14
Q

damage to supra marginal gyrus

A

phonological dyslexia
difficulty reading new & nonwords

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15
Q

Supramarginal gyrus

A

(Parietal)
- closely related to angular gyrus
- involved in phonological system: stores auditory representations of phonemes (auditory images)
- helps us to sound out words

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16
Q

Occipital Lobe areas

A
  • Primary visual cortex
  • associative visual cortex
17
Q

Visual cortex

A

(Occipital)
- info from eyes is received/processed

damage: cortical blindness

18
Q

two streams of vision in visual cortex

A

dorsal stream: WHERE of vision
- analyzes motion
- spatial relationships

ventral stream: WHAT of vision
- analyzes forms, colors, faces

19
Q

Temporal Lobe areas

A
  • inferior temporal area
  • parahippocampal area
  • hippocampus
  • entorhinal cortex
  • fusiform gyrus
  • temporal pole
  • primary auditory cortex
20
Q

Inferior temporal area

A

(Temporal)
- processing auditory & language info
- reading facial emotions
- play a role in hallucinations

21
Q

Parahippocampal gyrus

A

(temporal)
- Hippocampus
- Entorhinal cortex

22
Q

Hippocampus

A

(Temporal in gyrus)
associated with declarative memory

23
Q

Entorhinal cortex

A

(Temporal in gyrus)
major input/output relay between cerebral cortex and hippocampus

24
Q

Fusiform gyrus

A

(Temporal)
- important in remembering & naming seen objects
- functions as visual lexicon
- lesions can cause anomia & lexical graphia

25
Q

Temporal Pole

A

(Temporal)
LEFT: semantic processing, speech comprehension, narrative comprehension

RIGHT: integration of emotion into narratives, identifying familiar voices

BOTH: theory of mind, empathy

26
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

(Temporal)
AKA Heschl’s gyrus
- initial cortical region that receives auditory info from the ears via vestibulocochlear CN
- processes sound intensity and frequency
- organized by tones

27
Q

Wernickes area

A

(temporal)
- involved in attaching meaning to auditory information

28
Q

Damage to wernicke’s area

A

Wernicke’s aphasia
characterized by verbal jargon & lack of understanding other’s speech

29
Q

Cingulate cortex

A

anterior parts: cognitive control, detecting & conflicts, problem solving

posterior parts: autobiographical memory, managing risky behavior, and emotional processing

30
Q

Filter and focus process of cingulate cortex

A

ACC filters out irrelevant info
PCC detects important info

31
Q

Insular cortex

A

posterior-dorsal: raw sensory perception of bodily states

dorsal-caudal: connections - involved in emotional & cognitive aspects of body integrating sensory feedback into motor behavior

32
Q

role of insular cortex

A
  • clinical date suggests role in language
  • plays role in lexical decision making
  • some cases of global aphasia

Neural Processes (14 decks)

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