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Neural Processes > Quiz 9/17 > Flashcards

Quiz 9/17 Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord

A

means for communication from the brain to body/body to brain

surrounded by vertebral column

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2
Q

3 layers of meninges

A
  1. pia mater
  2. arachnoid
  3. dura mater
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3
Q

pia mater

A

inner layer of meninges

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4
Q

arachnoid

A

web-like, filled with cerebral spinal fluid

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5
Q

dura mater

A

tough, outside layer

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6
Q

spinal cord form (sections)

A

Cervical (neck)
Thoracic (chest)
Lumbar (lower back)
Sacral (pelvis)
Coccygeal (tailbone)

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7
Q

Information highway …

A

conveys motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent) information between brain/body

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8
Q

Spinal nerves emerge from

A

spinal cord, innervate parts of neck and BELOW neck

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9
Q

each spinal nerve has

A
  • dorsal root ganglion
  • dorsal ramus
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10
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A
  • collection neuronal cells
  • signals to CNS from PNS (AFFERENT)
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11
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

part of spinal nerve after the nerve exits intervertebral foramen
(outside spinal cord, still part of nerve)

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12
Q

upper motor neuron

A
  • originates in brain (CNS)
  • sends signals down spinal cord
  • “commands” the movement
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13
Q

damage to UMN

A

spasticity (spastic muscle)
hyperflexia (flex too much)

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14
Q

lower motor neuron

A

-originates in spinal cord (PNS)
-directly control muscles by sending signals on to muscles and glands
- “carries out” action

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15
Q

damage to LMN

A

flaccid paralysis
muscle atrophy (smaller/dried up)
decreased reflexes

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16
Q

spinal cord function

A
  • relay efferent & afferent info between body/brain
  • mediate reflexes through reflex arc
17
Q

reflexes

A
  • controlled at level of spinal nerves/cord
  • signal goes to spinal cord & return via reflex arc
18
Q

movement of reflexes

A
  • muscle stimulated
  • muscle spindles detect stretch
  • info sent thru sensory neurons to dorsal root (gray matter)
  • info sent to ‘interneurons’
  • motor message sent via ventral root
  • muscle contracts
19
Q

Spinal cord injury

A

damage to the spinal cord, often thru traumatic causes (car accidents/falls)

can result in paresis or plegia

20
Q

PARA plegia/paresis

A

involves the legs

21
Q

QUADRI plegia/paresis

A

involves arms and legs

22
Q

parts of the brainstem

A
  1. midbrain (most superior)
  2. pons (middle portion)
  3. medulla (lowest portion)
23
Q

functions of brainstem

A
  • regulate major life functions (heartbeat, respiration)
  • mediate head & neck reflexes
  • regulate alertness & wakefulness
24
Q

pons

A

superior to medulla, inferior to midbrain, anterior to cerebellum

-inch length and bulbous
-connected to cerebellum middle cerebellar peduncle

  • acts as BRIDGE relaying tracts, cerebellum, lower structures medulla and spinal cord
25
Q

parts of midbrain

A
  • colliculus/tectum
  • tegmentum
  • peduncles (crus cerebri)
26
Q

tegmentum

A

dorsal part of midbrain
- spreads length of brainstem but portions form the midbrain
- contains tracts and nuclei important for motor control/sensory processing

27
Q

Nuclei of tegmentum

A
  • substantia nigra (dopamine produced)
  • red nucleolus (coordinate movement)
  • reticulum formation (conciousness, sleep-wake cycle, respiration)
  • periaqueductal gray matter (suppress pain)
28
Q

peduncles (crus cerebri)

A

ventral part of midbrain, “leg of brain”
- connect brainstem to forebrain
- main highway signals to transport to CNS
- important in coordination

29
Q

MOTOR function of cerebellum

A
  • helps in planning, monitoring, correction of motor movement using sensory feedback
  • coordinates fine motor activity
  • monitors head/body positon
  • participate learning new motor skills
30
Q

LINGUISTIC function of cerebellum

A
  • perception of speech/language
  • verbal working memory
  • verbal fluency
  • grammar processing
  • writing/reading

Neural Processes (13 decks)

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