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Neural Processes > Intro to Neurology > Flashcards

Intro to Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What is neurology?

A

The study of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nervous system

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2
Q

Anatomy

A

study of structure

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3
Q

Neuroanatomy

A

study of the nervous systems structure

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4
Q

physiology

A

study of function

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5
Q

neurophysiology

A

study of the nervous systems function

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6
Q

pathology

A

study of diseases

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7
Q

neuropathology

A

study of nervous system diseases

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8
Q

Central nervous system

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
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9
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A
  • nerves (spinal and cranial)
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10
Q

5 needs for neurological training:

A
  1. Speaks language of neurologist (better communication)
  2. Chooses appropriate test instruments
  3. Neurological etiologies help predict problems
  4. SLP document change/efficacy of treatments
  5. Knowledge of neuroplasticity to plan treatment
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11
Q

incidence

A

NEW cases

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12
Q

prevalence

A

TOTAL cases (new+existing)

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13
Q

Theoretical Perspectives
How does the brain work?

A

LEFT MOST (bits and pieces)
- Radical Localists
- Localists
- Connectionists
- Holists
RIGHT MOST (as a whole)

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14
Q

Structural imaging

A

viewing anatomy of the brain

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15
Q

Functional imaging

A

viewing physiology of the brain

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16
Q

Structural Imaging: CT
Computed/Computerized Technology

A
  • x-ray beams reflect off the body’s tissue
  • more reflection with dense tissues (like bones)
  • 2D image (can render to 3D)
17
Q

PROs of CT

A
  • common
  • easily accessible
  • inexpensive
  • quick processing time
18
Q

CONs of CT

A
  • use of x-ray
  • structure only
  • clarity of images
  • difficulty observing new damage
19
Q

Structural Imaging: MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A
  • magnetic current applied to body, flips protons in water molecules
  • image formed from 3 planes (3D)
20
Q

PROs of MRI

A
  • better images
  • images in multi-dimensions
  • no x-rays
  • no preparation
21
Q

CONs of MRI

A
  • more expensive
  • patients with metal in body
  • patients must be still
  • claustrophobia struggles
22
Q

Angiography

A

imaging structure of vascular system (x-rays used)

23
Q

PROs of angiography

A
  • excellent images
  • assess + treat in same session
24
Q

CONs of angiography

A
  • invase
  • risk of bleeding, clotting, bruising, swelling
  • x-ray/radiation
25
Q

Spatial resolution

A

location of brain activity when a stimulus is introduced

26
Q

Temporal resolution

A

time between stimulus presented and brains response to that stimulus

27
Q

Functional Imaging: PET
Positron Emission Tomography

A
  • image based on glucose metabolism in brain
  • uses radioisotope
  • emitted radiation is detected & image is formed from it
28
Q

underlying logic of PET

A

active brain areas need more energy

29
Q

PROs of PET

A

good image of location of brain activity

30
Q

CONs of PET

A
  • invasive
  • radioactive material used
  • more expensive
31
Q

Functional Imaging: EEG & MEG
Electrophysiology
Magneto-physiology

A
  • shows electrical responses to particular stimulus
  • stimuli can be presented in any modality (visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory)
32
Q

PROs of EEG/MEG

A
  • low cost
  • readily available
  • good info on brain function
33
Q

CONs of EEG/MEG

A
  • image quality
34
Q

Structural+Functional imaging: fMRI
functional magnetic resonance imag.

A
  • blood oxygenation in brain during intro of stimulus
  • no contrast needed
35
Q

PROs of fMRI

A
  • can see structure & function
  • safe
36
Q

CONs of fMRI

A
  • expensive
  • not widespread
37
Q

CAUTIONS for neuro-imaging

A
  • tempted to correlate every thought or action with specific area of the brain that may light up in an image
  • if an area lights up – does not mean its the only area responsible for a function

Neural Processes (14 decks)

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