the Cell Cycle Flashcards
1
Q
interphase
A
- longest stage
- DNA duplicates and is very long, thin, invisible strands
each chromosome is copied to produce 2 sister chromatids attached at the centromere (contains identical genetic info.)
2
Q
chromosome
A
made up of DNA and is found in the nucleus
3
Q
chromatid
A
one of the two identical strands of DNA that make up a chromosome
4
Q
centromere
A
structure that colds chromatids together as chromosomes
5
Q
spindle fibres
A
threadlike structure which helps move chromosomes during cell division attaches to the centromere
6
Q
prophase
A
- pro means “before”
- chromosomes condense, thicken and become visible
- nuclear membrane begins to disappear
- spindle fibers begin to form
7
Q
metaphase
A
- meta means “mid”
- longest phase in mitosis
- chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
- each chromosome becomes attached to 2 spindle fibers
8
Q
anaphase
A
- ana means “back”
- shortest phase in mitosis
- centromere splits and sister chromatids separate and are now known as “daughter chromosomes”
- daughter chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
9
Q
telophase
A
- telo means “end”
- spindle fibers start to disappear
- membrane form around 2 new daughter nuclei, one at each end of the cell
- chromosomes become thin and invisible
10
Q
cytokinesis
A
- division of the cytoplasm
- provides 2 genetically identical daughter cells
- division occurs as the cell membrane is pinched off in the center (animal cell: cleavage furrow, plant cell: cell plate)
11
Q
cell remains in interphase or does not divide if…
A
a) receives signals from surrounding cells
b) not enough nutrients
c) DNA has not been replicated
d) DNA is damaged
12
Q
how is cancer caused?
A
when the DNA is damaged and the cell ignores the checkpoints, which leads to uncontrolled cell growth
