Chapter 2 Review Flashcards
what are the 3 phases of cell division?
- interphase
- mitosis
- cytokinesis
during which stage of the cell cycle does replication of the DNA occur?
interphase
list and briefly describe the phases of mitosis
- prophase - pro means “before”. spindle fibres begin to form and nucleus membrane disappears. chromosomes become condensed and thick
- metaphase - meta means “middle”. longest phase. chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
- anaphase - ana means “behind”. 2 sister chromatids plat into “daughter chromasomes” and move to opposite ends of the cell
- telophase - telo means “end”. nucleus membrane forms around daughter chromosomes. chromosomes become long, thin and invisible
what is the difference between plant and animal cell division?
ANIMAL - cleavage furrow
PLANT - cell plate, has to break through cell wall
why is mitosis important in eukaryotes?
mitosis serves three purposes in eukaryotic cells: reproduction in single cells, growth and repair
how would the cell cycle of a cancer cell differ from that of a normal cell?
cancer cells multiply without any growth factors or growth-stimulating protein signals. ignores checkpoints. mutated genes
what is the difference between chromosomes and chromatids?
CHROMOSOMES - occurs throughout the cell's life cycle - carries the genetic information CHROMATIDS - only occurs during mitosis - allows the cell to duplicate
treatments for cancer
chemotherapy
radiation
surgery
screening
pap test - to check for cervical cancer
what is benign tumour?
not cancerous
slow growing
does not spread
may interfere with body functions if too large
what is malignant tumour?
cancerous
rapid growth
interferes with physiology of nearby cells
what is metastatic tumour?
cancerous
primary tumour cells may break away and form secondary tumours somewhere else through the blood (metastasis)
